Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to determine the effects of row spacing, cultivar, seeding rate, and water or ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer injection in the row at seeding, on the competitiveness of hard red winter wheat with cheat. Decreasing row spacing from 23 to 8 cm increased yield of weed-free wheat at two of three locations and cheat-infested wheat in six of ten experiments. Increasing seeding rate from 265 to 530 seeds m-2 increased wheat yield. Injecting water at 20 ml m-1 of row at seeding did not increase wheat emergence or yield. Cheat seed production was not consistently suppressed by any one cultivar. Juvenile growth habit was unrelated to wheat competitiveness.

Field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of winter wheat seeding date and forage removal on the efficacy of cheat control herbicides, forage and grain yields, and net returns to land, overhead, risk, and management for the various cheat control strategies. Economic analysis showed that net returns were higher when wheat was seeded during the traditional seeding period (October) than when either seeded early (September) for increased forage production or delayed (November) for cultural cheat control. Some herbicides were economically beneficial at two of three locations where the initial cheat population exceeded 170 plants/m2.

Data from three field experiments were used to determine the effects of grazing cheat-infested winter wheat during tillering on cheat and wheat growth, mature biomass, and wheat grain yield components. When terminated, grazing had reduced wheat leaf area 52% and cheat leaf area by 28%. Pooled over experiments, grazing decreased mature wheat height 7 cm and wheat yield 17%. Grazing increased dockage due primarily to cheat 9%. Grazing effects on wheat yield components, biomass, and cheat panicle density varied. Grazing did not affect cheat tillering or wheat harvest index.