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1 results

  • Facial transplantation: historical developments and future directions

  • G L Garrett, I Beegun, A D'souza
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 129 / Issue 3 / March 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 March 2015, pp. 206-211
    Print publication:
    March 2015
  • Objective:

    To present the clinical outcomes obtained by the first facial transplant teams worldwide, reviewing current practice and addressing controversies.

    Methods:

    A bibliographic search of Medline and Embase databases was performed, and a comparative analysis of all articles published from 1980 to the present was conducted. Two independent investigators screened the manuscripts in accordance with pre-defined criteria.

    Results:

    A total of 12 partial and 5 full facial transplants were recorded in the literature. Procedures included partial and near-total facial myocutaneous flaps, and complex osteomyocutaneous grafts. Fifteen patients had fully vascularised grafts, and two patients died of transplant-related and infectious complications.

    Conclusion:

    Facial transplantation can restore quality of life and enable the social re-integration of recipients. Results published by the first facial transplant teams are promising. However, long-term reports of aesthetic and functional outcomes are needed to more precisely define outcomes. In addition, significant technical, medical and ethical issues remain to be solved.