Observations on the fauna that live in close association with mounds constructed by Cubitermes testaceus (Isoptera: Termitidae) were made in a grassland area of Uganda. Termite nests were systematically excavated and dissected and a careful record of the fauna associated with each was made.

Arthropods belonging to three different classes were recorded in mounds of C. testaceus and with varying degrees of occurrence. They included insects (93%), chilopods (5%) and diplopods (2%). Ants were found to be the commonest insects in the mounds followed by other termites (21%) Coleoptera (9%) and Dictyoptera (1%).

In view of the carnivorous nature of most of the ants recorded, and considering the feeding behaviour observed in the field, it is suggested that they can have considerable effect on C. testaceus populations in the grassland ecosystem at Kaazi.

The survival rates of humus-feeding Cubitermes testaceus (Williams) workers were determined in relation to soil organic matter content. Field collected termites survived for 15.5 days when fed on soil with the highest content of organic matter (5.1%) and for 8.1 days when fed on soil with the lowest content of organic matter (3.2%). Possible reasons for termite workers' survival are discussed.