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3 results

  • Chapter 20 - Rare Endocrine Disorders

  • Edited by David R. Gambling, University of California, San Diego, M. Joanne Douglas, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Grace Lim, University of Pittsburgh
  • Book:
    Obstetric Anesthesia and Uncommon Disorders
    Published online:
    26 January 2024
    Print publication:
    01 February 2024, pp 315-331

  • Summary

    A number of endocrinopathies may complicate pregnancy with significant adverse effects on the mother and fetus. Diagnosis may prove difficult because of a long differential, and pregnancy can mask or mimic signs and symptoms of endocrine disease. Thyroid disease and diabetes are relatively common during pregnancy; however, serious complications such as thyroid storm and diabetic ketoacidosis are rare. Uncommon complications of hyperthyroidism and diabetes are discussed in this chapter along with other rare endocrinopathies

  • Complications of combination intranasal corticosteroids and anti-retroviral therapy

  • J James, L Caulley, J Collins, C Hopkins
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 135 / Issue 12 / December 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 September 2021, pp. 1119-1122
    Print publication:
    December 2021
  • Background

    Intranasal corticosteroids are widely used for management of many upper airway diseases because of their ability to effectively deliver local relief of inflammation.

    Case report

    This paper presents the case of a 51-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus treated with ritonavir who was started on fluticasone intranasal spray for presumed chronic rhinosinusitis. Months after starting this therapy, he developed symptoms of Cushing's syndrome and avascular necrosis of the shoulder due to the pharmacological interactions between fluticasone and ritonavir.

    Conclusion

    Although intranasal corticosteroids are deemed a low-risk route of drug administration, clinicians need to be vigilant in appropriately prescribing corticosteroids in the setting of drug potentiators, particularly in these high-risk patients. Alternative corticosteroids such as beclomethasone dipropionate should be considered in such cases.

  • 1 - Overview and definitions of polycystic ovary syndrome and the polycystic ovary

  • Edited by Adam Balen, University of Leeds, Stephen Franks, Roy Homburg, Sean Kehoe
  • Book:
    Current Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    Published online:
    05 July 2014
    Print publication:
    01 October 2010, pp 1-12

  • Summary

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a syndrome with varied manifestations both within different populations and between different populations. With recent increases in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS and the recognition of the importance of ultrasound in defining the morphology of the polycystic ovary, the syndrome has now been defined as the presence of two of the following three criteria: oligo-ovulation and/or anovulation, hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical), polycystic ovaries; with the exclusion of other aetiologies of menstrual disturbance and androgen excess. There are likely to be many routes to the development of PCOS, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors and disturbances of a number of endocrine pathways. To establish the diagnosis of PCOS it is important to exclude other disorders with a similar clinical presentation, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing syndrome, and androgen-secreting tumours.