This article reviews the normal and pathological healing processes that take place after tooth extraction in orthodontic cases, and their associated complications within the mucosa or alveolar socket, such as gingival clefts or bone defects. The general and local factors that are involved in such deficient healing cases are detailed, in parallel to surgical procedure to enhance ridge preservation or to ‘regenerate’ tissues. The relationships between the orthodontist and periodontist are underlined, because both praticioners assess patient's risk factors and follow him during this treatment stage.
