This chapter provides an introduction to Elamite personal names attested in Neo- and Late Babylonian texts. The typology of Elamite anthroponyms is discussed, from the standard composition of Elamite personal names to hypocoristica and hybrid names. A remarkably high number of Elamite hypocoristica is attested in Neo-Babylonian texts due to the omission of the theophoric element. Since the Elamite language has no linguistic ties with the various dialects of Akkadian, Elamite onomastic conversions into Babylonian texts are actually transcriptions. These transcriptions follow certain patterns, which are explained in the Elamite–Babylonian conversion rules formulated in this chapter. General features for these Akkadian renderings of Elamite anthroponyms are the reduction of consonants, a consonant shift, and/or vowel alterations. The chapter further analyses the ethno-sociological profile of persons bearing Elamite names in Neo-Babylonian texts. Roughly two groups can be distinguished. One group consisting of Elamite kings and high officials is mentioned in official Neo-Babylonian state documentation. Another group of Elamites appears in dispersed Neo-Babylonian private archives, generally in connection with trading activities or in the context of Babylonian-Susian borderland communities.