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  • 5 - Patronage Appointment in Japanese Politics

  • from Part II - Two-Party/Multi-Party Systems
  • Edited by B. Guy Peters, University of Pittsburgh, Colin Knox, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, Byeong Seob Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book:
    Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies
    Published online:
    05 October 2023
    Print publication:
    19 October 2023, pp 99-120

  • Summary

    In early prewar modernization period of Japan, party patronage was used to control the entrenched elite bureaucracy. Patronage was used to anchor the democratic representation of the national government officials who were given their own legitimacy. After Japan was defeated in World War II, Japan was institutionally fully liberalized and democratized. However, the reform of the old political regime was implemented through the Japanese bureaucracy. This fact demonstrates that the bureaucracy maintained substantial influence over the national policy-making process during post-war period. As the Liberal Democratic Party members accumulated policy-making capacities in certain economic fields, clientelism and particularism became key features of Japanese politics. But it did not particularly involve patronage appointments. It was rather connected with other “porks” such as economic benefits to the electoral consistency. As a result, from a comparative perspective, patronage practice in Japanese politics may be rather limited in its scope and depth, compared with other democracies in Asia.