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1 - A Catholic Gateway to the Holy Land
Megan C. Armstrong, McMaster University, Ontario
Book:

The Holy Land and the Early Modern Reinvention of Catholicism

Published online:

30 April 2021

Print publication:

20 May 2021, pp 26-67
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Summary

This chapter explores the Custody of the Holy Land as a legal, spiritual and cultural product of the Holy Land. It explores its roots in Catholic spirituality and pilgrimage, the Holy Land as a shared religious landscape, and the influence of Islamic law/Ottoman governance.

6 - A Franciscan Holy Land
Megan C. Armstrong, McMaster University, Ontario
Book:

The Holy Land and the Early Modern Reinvention of Catholicism

Published online:

30 April 2021

Print publication:

20 May 2021, pp 302-360
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Summary

This final chapter explores competition between Franciscan reform traditions over jurisdiction in the Custody to understand the Holy Land's importance as a Franciscan sacred landscape, and custodial administration as a manifestation of Franciscan authority and legitimacy.

29 - Observant reform in religious orders
from PART VII - REFORM AND RENEWAL
- By Bert Roest
Edited by Miri Rubin, Queen Mary University of London, Walter Simons, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
Book:

The Cambridge History of Christianity

Published online:

28 March 2010

Print publication:

02 July 2009, pp 446-457
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Summary

The period of the so-called Observant reforms was far more dynamic than longstanding convictions concerning the decline of religious life in the closing centuries of the Middle Ages. Most impressive was the wave of Observant initiatives in the mendicant orders, and the Franciscan order in particular. Observant reforms among the Augustinian hermits first made headway at the Lecceto hermitage near Siena in 1385, soon leading to the first Augustinian Observant Congregation. Until the 1460s the spread of moderate Dominican Observant reforms was very much a steered and moderately successful phenomenon, without granting much specific autonomy to the Observant houses. The Lateran reform congregation at first had an impact in Italy, but soon influenced many houses of regular canons in middle and eastern Europe, notably in Poland. Significant for late medieval society as a whole was the Observant interference with the religious life of the laity.