Shakespeare’s Henry V shapes popular consciousness of England/Britain at war, yet resists accusations of jingoism. Its national imagining involves conscientious doubts about the justice of war itself. Chapter 5 shows that this appealingly inward, conscientious dimension of English national identity on stage is predicated on Scotland’s occlusion. Scotland was a major player in the Hundred Years’ War. Henry IV kidnapped the child heir to the Scots throne, James I. Henry V then forced James to fight his subjects, the Scots, in France. Yet Shakespeare carefully avoids acknowledging Scotland as a kingdom. He develops, from earlier history plays, a metaphorical plot that produces the idea of England’s island integrity as an effect of its king’s chaste reformation. In this plot, England is threatened by the wild incontinence of its royal heir until his reformation effectively secures England’s insularity, enabling English advancement ‘beyond sea’ to France. The analogy between royal self-chastening and English insular sea-power is traced through Greene’s Bacon and Bungay, Marlowe’s Edward II, the anonymous Edward III to Henry IV 1 & 2 and Henry V.

Functional psychology was less a system than an attitude that valued the utility of psychological inquiry. Assuming a philosophical underpinning from the pragmatism of William James and Charles Sanders Peirce, functional psychology fit well into the pioneering spirit of America. From its beginning, functional psychology had a clear emphasis on applying psychology to individual and social improvement, as was evident from the works of Münsterberg, McDougall, and Hall. The tradition of British natural science and evolutionary theory was integrated into psychology in the views on adaptation championed by the Chicago functionalists, such as Dewey, Angell, and Carr. Mental testing and the study of human capacity constituted important areas of investigation among the Columbia functionalists, represented by Cattell, Thorndike, and Woodworth. Although its reaction to structural psychology kept functional psychology from developing a systematic alternative model of psychological inquiry, this phase of American psychology resulted in two critical benefits. First, functionalism firmly entrenched the new science of psychology in America and imposed on it a particular American orientation toward applied psychology. Second, functional psychology provided a necessary transition from the restricted context of structural psychology to more viable models of psychology, permitting the science to progress.

This essay is a narrative of my work on Elizabeth Bishop, beginning with my Ph.D. dissertation (1976) and detailing my choices in the three landmark volumes I edited: Elizabeth Bishop and Her Art (University of Michigan Press, 1983) – the first collection of critical work on Bishop, which includes a section of her previously uncollected writing; Elizabeth Bishop: Poems, Prose, and Letters (Library of America, 2008), the first volume to include almost all of her published and major posthumously published and unpublished work; and Elizabeth Bishop: Prose (FSG, 2011), the first substantially complete independent collection of her prose works published to celebrate her centennial, which includes her significant correspondence with poet Anne Stevenson and the closest possible restoration of her book Brazil to what she originally intended, before the editors of Life rewrote it. The chapter ends with the “rescue” of one of her major unpublished poems.

This chapter discusses the comparisons made in cases where there is a conflict of equality rights by reference to four cases in the Supreme Court, Bull v Hall and Preddy, the Jewish Free School case, the Gay Cake Case and the Paulley the wheel cahris on buses case. It considers what is the best way to resolve those conflcits and where and how the comparison of the rights should be made.