The last chapter engages in a more speculative debate to ponder the significance and possible dangers of this new global human rights memorialisation regime. Three questions are asked that define the impact that moral remembrance has on the ground. The first question deals with the tension between moral remembrance, promoted through the morality of human rights, and the nation-state–sponsored memorialisation agenda. The second question deals with the under-researched and neglected impact that the human rights memorialisation agenda generates on the ground – namely, the production of new social inequalities. Here, the tension between moral remembrance as an ideal and the political interests of various groups, organizations and opposing agendas results in trade-offs and struggles over scarce resources, which lead to new social inequalities and the marginalisation of many who cannot afford to participate in those transactions. Finally, the chapter asks whether moral remembrance has the potential to transform individuals in local communities into believers in human rights values and motivate them to engage in moral action based on those values. I argue that in real-life settings, mandating memory in the name of human rights has been frequently counterproductive and has produced a series of undesired and damaging outcomes on the ground.

The introductory chapter briefly describes the rise of the human rights memorialisation agenda (known as 'moral remembrance') at the world polity level. Referring to six general theses, the chapter explains the main points presented in the book: (1) why it is important to understand human rights as an ideology; (2) how, when, and why moral remembrance emerged at the world polity level; (3) why moral remembrance clashes with the state-sponsored memorialization agenda; (4) why moral remembrance strengthens the categories of ‘nation’ and ‘ethnicity’ on the ground; (5) why and how moral remembrance produces new social inequalities and divisions; and (6) why moral remembrance does not make people more appreciative of human rights values. The chapter sets out the layout of the book and briefly sketches the main conclusions of the research.