Confocal scanning laser microscopy has been used to study the distribution of antigens expressed by the liver stages of Plasmodium berghei in cultured hepatoma cells. The 3-dimensional images obtained of intact parasites clearly show complex patterns of antigen expression not apparent when using conventional IFAT or immunoelectron microscopy. A liver-stage specific antigen (Pbl 1) was shown to be confined to the parasitophorous vacuole; the vacuole has extensive diverticulae extending into the host cell. Small parasites were detected for the first time in ‘mature’ cultures. These did not represent a distinct population, but the ‘tail’ of a broad continuum of parasite sizes. Irradiated sporozoites produce a transient population of slow-growing parasites which express a very limited range of antigens de novo in the invaded hepatoma cell. A comparison of the reactivity of text-abstract EE parasites with anti-circumsporozoite antibody and with anti-Pbl 1 suggests that the former reagent may reliably be used to identify sporozoites invading host cells, but should not be used to determine the number of parasites that successfully undergo intrahepatic development. Anti-Pbl-1 indicates on 33% of invaded sporozoites identified by anti-CSP subsequently differentiate.

David Vere-Jones's interest in mathematical and statistical education was triggered in the early 1960s during his visits to Russia when he met leading mathematicians who were deeply involved in these areas as well as in their own research. Through the 1970s and 1980s David's involvement in education grew in New Zealand where he became influential in the developments in mathematics and statistics teaching, especially at school level. By the early 1990s he had become very involved in the Education Committee of the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and had a key role in the Third International Conference on Teaching Statistics (ICOTS-3) in Dunedin, 1990. This was soon followed by the pivotal role he played in the establishment of the International Association for Statistical Education (IASE). This paper describes the formative influences underlying David's involvement in statistical education and his influence on the growth of the IASE.