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5 results

  • Chapter 16 - What Science May Come for Embryo Selection?

  • Edited by Catherine Racowsky, Hôpital Foch, France, Jacques Cohen, IVF 2.0, New York, Nicholas Macklon, London Women's Clinic
  • Book:
    Manual of Embryo Selection in Human Assisted Reproduction
    Published online:
    26 April 2023
    Print publication:
    26 January 2023, pp 168-176

  • Summary

    The success of artificial reproductive technologies (ART) requires effective methods for selecting embryos with optimal potential for generating a live birth. A glimpse into the landscape of future of ART reveals a field replete with breakthrough opportunities. In the context of the current pace of scientific discovery and technological development, we can expect the development of different novel technologies for gametes and embryo selection. Among these new technologies we can envision embryo selection technologies based on metabolic markers; the use of artificial intelligence and deep learning; non-invasive, label-free microscopy; and cell-sorting techniques for sperm selection. It is also likely that embryos will be scored based on the relative activation of stress-pathways; embryos showing an intermediate, “Goldilocks” level of stress will be preferentially selected. Overall, it will be important to thoughtfully consider and discuss the ethical implications of new technologies that could be used in ART.

  • 6 - Morphology of Aerogels

  • Lorenz Ratke, Pavel Gurikov
  • Book:
    The Chemistry and Physics of Aerogels
    Published online:
    03 December 2021
    Print publication:
    09 September 2021, pp 203-213

  • Summary

    The nanostructure of aerogels is most impressive. We present some microscopic pictures to illustrate the variety of structures observed in inorganic and organic aerogels. The pictures are accompanied with a brief discussion of the techniques used for imaging and gives several practical hints to achieve excellent pictures in transmission or scanning electron microscopy.

  • 14 - Animal models of anxiety disorders: behavioral and genetic approaches

  • from Section 3 - Understanding the causes of anxiety
  • Edited by Helen Blair Simpson, Columbia University, New York, Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Columbia University, New York, Franklin Schneier, Columbia University, New York
  • Book:
    Anxiety Disorders
    Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    26 August 2010, pp 156-167

  • Summary

    Anxiety is both an innate and a constructed response to perceived and anticipated threat. This chapter explores anxiety as signal, symptom and syndrome, and describes the evolution of the major psychodynamic models of signal anxiety. The major psychodynamic models of signal anxiety posit anxiety as a signal of unconscious, intrapsychic danger. Neurobiological factors also contribute to the development and expression of anxiety symptoms and syndromes. Imaging techniques have been used to illustrate the presence of unconscious processes that to date have only been hypothesized; specifically that unconscious affects are a crucial determinant of behavior. Many symptomatic patients were forced to make adaptations to internal and external threats in early childhood. Ironically, the treatment of symptomatic anxiety may create an anxiety of its own, the anxiety about change. Many patients present with the acute onset of anxiety symptoms but do not meet the criteria for an Axis I anxiety disorder.

  • 25 - Emergency Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

  • from PART II - ULTRASOUND
  • Edited by J. Christian Fox, University of California, Irvine
  • Book:
    Clinical Emergency Radiology
    Published online:
    07 December 2009
    Print publication:
    29 September 2008, pp 347-357

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the techniques, pathology, and potential pitfalls involved in the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the emergency department (ED). It reviews the sonography features of tendons, muscles, bone, joints, ligaments and nerves, and specific imaging techniques. Although fractures are typically diagnosed in the ED by radiography, there is a role for ultrasound in diagnosing fractures. Sonography is very accurate in detecting fractures of the humerus, midshaft femur, radius/ulna, and tibia/fibula. To evaluate the humerus, the transducer should be placed over the distal humerus anteriorly. Imaging of the femur should begin at the distal femur by placing the probe superior to the patella over the thigh laterally. Rib fractures are often difficult to detect on radiographs. In the case of a suspected rib fracture, ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Sonography also has a role in identifying and assisting with the aspiration of joint effusions.

  • Preliminary results on correlation between neural response imaging and ‘most comfortable levels' in cochlear implantation

  • I Akin, G Kuran, C Saka, M Vural
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 120 / Issue 4 / April 2006
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 February 2006, pp. 261-265
    Print publication:
    April 2006

  • During cochlear implantation, precise placement of the cochlear electrodes against the cochlear nerve is one of the most important steps, necessary to enable the patient to be aware of the stimulus from the implanted device. Neural response imaging (NRI) is a new tool which measures the evoked compound action potential generated as a result of electrical stimulation of the cochlea by properly placed electrodes during surgery.

    The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between intra-operative NRI recordings and ‘most comfortable levels’ (M levels) measured during standard fitting with the SoundWave fitting software, in cochlear implantation patients. Seven adult subjects were included in the study. The average duration of profound bilateral deafness was seven years (range = 19 years) and the mean age at implantation was 24 years (range = 17–34 years). All subjects underwent implantation and reached the one-month fitting session; one patient reached the two-month fitting session. The intra-operative NRI threshold (tNRI) was observed to be much higher than the first fitting M levels. The tNRI was 203 per cent of the sequential M value and 246 per cent of the paired M value. All but one intra-operative tNRI values were greater than 150 clinical units (CU), and all first fitting M levels were on average below 100 CU. No obvious correlation was found between individual intra-operative tNRI and first fitting M levels. The M levels at one month were much higher than the first fitting M levels, with much more dispersion.