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9 - An Unexpected Encounter with Hybrid Warfare
- By Noboru Yamaguchi
Edited by Williamson Murray, Ohio State University, Peter R. Mansoor, Ohio State University
Book:

Hybrid Warfare

Published online:

05 August 2012

Print publication:

09 July 2012, pp 225-253
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Summary

Japan would repeat what Napoleon Bonaparte had experienced in Spain after his invasion of that country. As a result, the Japanese Army was never able to gain complete control over the territories it conquered. Its control was largely confined to urban areas and the lines of communication linking them, which left large areas outside its span of control. The result was a prime example of hybrid warfare, with regular and irregular warfare intermixed in a fashion that rendered Japan's military forces almost irrelevant to the achievement of sensible political goals. A number of historians have argued that Japan fought the Second Sino-Japanese War without clear and consistent strategic objectives. A final point of crucial importance is the ideological aspect of hybrid war, which may need a study all to itself. Japanese military forces never controlled the vast majority of the occupied territory in north China.