The title of this essay references two provocative discourses in contemporary critical conversation, both of which inform my reading of Ruth Gilligan’s extraordinary novel, Nine Folds Make a Paper Swan (2016). “Afterlives” alludes to Paige Reynolds’ Modernist Afterlives in Irish Literature and Culture (2016), a volume that explores how the “themes, forms and practices of high modernism are manifest in Irish literature and culture produced subsequent to that cultural movement.” Following Reynolds’ lead, this essay expands the idea of “afterlives” to include “diaspora” and “race” while constructing an archive of Irish–Jewish texts, both fictive and academic, for a novel that concerns the intersections of Irish and Jewish characters at three historical moments: the inaugural decade of the twentieth century, the years during and after World War II, and the fall of the Celtic Tiger economy in the present century.

This chapter offers an account of Jewish diaspora communities throughout the ancient Mediterranean that serves as a provocative correction to the origin story of diaspora itself. It contends that the biblical narratives of Jewish exile, so central to modern conceptions of diaspora as involving a painful loss of homeland, a continuous longing for return, and stark relations of isolation or assimilation while inhabiting alien lands – did not reflect the actual everyday conditions of Jews living under Greek or Roman rule. Working with textual and archaeological evidence from the Greco-Roman world, including Hellenistic Jewish writing, Gruen offers a very different picture of Jewish diasporic experience from the biblical narratives of exile. He shows that the Jewish diaspora experience was largely productive and stable, where Jews negotiated between their minority status and the literary, cultural, political, economic, and social milieu of the cities and states in which they resided and very much considered their home.

Volume 1 of The Cambridge History of Global Migrations documents the lives and experiences of everyday people through the lens of human movement and mobility from 1400 to 1800. Focusing on the most important typologies of preindustrial global migrations, this volume reveals how these movements transformed global paths of mobility, the impacts of which we still see in societies today. Case studies include those that arose from the demand for free, forced, and unfree labor, long- and short-distance trade, rural/urban displacement, religious mobility, and the rise of the number of refugees worldwide. With thirty chapters from leading experts in the field, this authoritative volume is an essential and detailed study of how migration shaped the nature of global human interactions before the age of modern globalization.

The epilogue begins in 1929, when multiple, high-magnitude issues affected the Jewish world: the global economic crisis, the establishment of the Jewish Agency, the first glimmers of the danger posed by Hitler, the consolidation of Soviet power in Stalin’s hands, and the outbreak of Arab riots in Palestine. It returns to a comparison between international Jewish humanitarianism with its mainstream counterparts, concluding that the moral calculus for Jews and their unique diasporic network meant that humanitarianism was, in effect, nonexpendable Jewish social policy, fundamentally different from mainstream humanitarianism although in practice, much the same. This leads to a discussion of the longevity of international Jewish humanitarianism, whose blueprint was set in the Great War and survived the twentieth century despite the Holocaust and other seismic changes in Jewish life. It concludes by reflecting on the way in which international Jewish humanitarianism was a mosaic of Jewish projects and organizations across the globe, both paradigmatic and exceptional in history.