Prior research suggests that bilinguals show reduced sensitivity to negative content when operating in the second language (L2). The available evidence, however, is limited to language comprehension. We tested the production of emotional words in Polish (L1)–English (L2) bilinguals in two EEG studies that manipulated emotional cueing. In Experiment 1 (neutral context), white or black circles indicated whether participants should read aloud (shadow) or translate a subsequently presented word. N400 amplitudes were selectively reduced for negative L2 words regardless of the task. In Experiment 2 (emotional context), we used black or white emojis, either sad or neutral, as cues. The previous interaction between word valence and language of operation vanished, but late positive potential amplitudes elicited by negative words were larger for translation from L2 to L1 (i.e., production in Polish) than L1 to L2. These results validate and extend to production previous findings of attenuated emotional response in L2 comprehension.

The plume images of the laser produced silver plasma in the absence and presence of 0.45 T transverse magnetic field has been investigated under vacuum ~10−4 torr and in air. An Nd:YAG laser (1.064 µm, 1.1 MW, 9 ns) with intensity ~1012 Wcm−2 was used to generate plasma. A CCD image capture system was used for plasma imaging to explore the plume. A magnetic probe was employed to measure the variation in internal magnetic field of plasma with as well as without 0.45 T external transverse magnetic field. The X-ray emission from plasma in both the cases (with and without B field) was also monitored using two PIN photodiodes filtered with 24 µm Cu and 24 µm Al. The plume images in both the cases were then correlated with the time resolved soft X-ray emission. It was found that the self generated magnetic field of the plasma increases in the presence of magnetic field. Plume images reveal that the confinement of the plume takes place in the presence of magnetic field both in the cases of air and vacuum. Jet and spikes like structures were also observed due to plasma instabilities. Lobe formation in the plume at latter stages of plasma evolution was more prominent in air than under vacuum. X-ray emission signals exhibited an enhancement in the emission under transverse magnetic field. An increased rate of recombination due to high density as a result of plasma confinement across the applied magnetic field was found to be the main reason behind emission enhancement.