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3 - Antonio Gramsci: liberation begins with critical thinking
- By Joseph Buttigieg
Edited by Catherine H. Zuckert, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
Book:

Political Philosophy in the Twentieth Century

Published online:

05 June 2012

Print publication:

29 August 2011, pp 44-58
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Summary

Within communist and socialist circles, Gramsci's systematic attack on positivism and economism caused deep consternation among the strict adherents and staunch defenders of Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy; at the same time, it encouraged and inspired those who were eager to break away from a dogmatic legacy that had become unbearable during the Stalinist ascendancy. Gramsci's deep interest in philosophy stemmed from his conviction that a political movement cannot succeed unless the worldview that animates it is not only disseminated among the people but is also understood and consciously embraced by them. In Gramsci's formulation, the distinctive character of the philosophy of praxis resides in its attentiveness to specificity, particularity, multiplicity, and difference. Another aspect of Gramsci's thought that has come into sharper relief over the past decade is his treatment of the historical and political status of subaltern social groups.