The utility of a norm is central to its adoption and this utility is generative of a norm’s adherents: the ‘norm circle’. Regional organisations provide excellent arenas to witness normative contestation between norm circles, as well as to understand how a ‘successful’ norm is selected. Within a regional organisation, specific domain rules apply, and these provide the criteria for the successful passage of a normative proposal. The three broad criteria suggested are the control of the initiative, the mastery of existing shared norms, and ‘metis’, the ability to identify opportunities for influence and expand the norm circle. The chapter ends with a review of suitable cases in the OAU/AU and ASEAN.

This chapter reviews the model set out in the theoretical framework to examine the degree of congruence the six cases had with the relevant factors of controlling the initiative, the mastery of shared norms, and opportunities for influence, particularly the ability to bring other states into the favoured norm circle. It also examines the model’s inferences against the observed outcomes to examine the degree of significance each factor had in the respective regional organisation.

In Chapter 10, Risa Schwartz discusses the development of a trade and Indigenous peoples chapter, looking at the development of provisions that provide for set-asides and carve-outs in earlier FTAs to more modern provisions that recognize Indigenous rights. The chapter traces how advocacy of Indigenous peoples in international trade and investment laid the groundwork for both Canada and New Zealand to substantively address Indigenous rights. Although we have yet to see the establishment of a new chapter specifically for trade and Indigenous peoples, the USMCA, which is undergoing ratification, is the first agreement to include a General Exception that protects the rights of Indigenous peoples for all signatories. These new preferences and protections for Indigenous peoples in Canada, Mexico and the United States signal a new relationship between Indigenous peoples and international trade.

The Odyssey is a tale of a hero of exceptional endurance and metis (cunning intelligence) who wins kleos (fame) by achieving a successful nostos (return home). The poem establishes the oikos (home) as a locus for heroic activity by portraying hospitality (xeneia) as sacred to Zeus and by investing all domestic guardians with ethical and intellectual superiority over the perpetrators of bia (brute force) who would destroy the hero’s house and family and bring anarchy on his kingdom.

The question of how the 1967 edition of the Dictionary of Canadianisms (DCHP-1) fares from a perspective of decolonization is the focus of this chapter. DCHP-1 is assessed from both a 1960s perspective, for which it was quite modern, and a present-day perspective, where it inevitably falls short. Examples from DCHP-1 include outdated proper names, e.g. Inuit < Eskimo, and the documentation of the terms Indian -- which occurs in 137 compound constructions, including treaty Indian -- and residential school, which is, in gross ignorance of the facts, not properly defined or linguistically marked. DCHP-1 exhibits at least three kinds of colonial bias, which are illustrated with examples. Charles Crate's correspondence with editorial assistant Joan Hall offers a frank view on the effects of colonization in the remote community of Albert Bay, BC, through the eyes of an untrained, but well-meaning non-Indigenous teacher, as Crate was teaching high school in that village while contributing to the dictionary. The chapter, which can merely start to address the issue of decolonization for DCHP-1, concludes with preliminary thoughts on any remnant colonial bias in the current, 2017 edition, to be found at www.dchp.ca/dchp2.