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  • 13 - The Literary Intellectuals of the Early Cuban Republic

  • from Part III - Literary and Intellectual Culture in the Twentieth-Century Republic
  • Edited by Vicky Unruh, University of Kansas, Jacqueline Loss, University of Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Cuban Literature
    Published online:
    31 August 2024
    Print publication:
    04 July 2024, pp 217-229

  • Summary

    This chapter showcases the writing of Cuban intellectuals of the early republican years, when excitement about the achievement of independence was muted by the overbearing presence and influence of the US and concerns about Cuban identity or “character” as a moral or social problem deemed as needing correction to achieve full-fledged, autonomous citizenship. Noting the continuing influence of ideals for an educated citizenry held by nineteenth-century philosopher-educator Enrique José Varona (vice president from 1913 to 1917); the hierarchies of Cuban ethnicities and negative stereotypes of Black Cubans promulgated in Fernando Ortiz’s early work and by essayist Francisco Figueras; and the role in these cultural conversations of Cuban journalism, including Cuba Contemporánea and Social, the chapter examines shifting views of what were portrayed as strengths or weaknesses of Cuban character in essays, drama, and novels by José Antonio Ramos, Miguel de Carrión, and Carlos Loveira, with attention to Jorge Mañach as a key figure in a second republican generation.