This chapter examines the ideas of neomercantilist thinkers from outside Europe and the United States whose thought became well known in various places during the pre-1945 period. Some of them adapted the ideas of neomercantilist thinkers from Europe and the United States in creative ways, including thinkers from Argentina (Alejandro Bunge), Australia (David Syme), China (Liang Qichao), Ethiopia (Gabrahiwot Baykadagn), India (Mahadev Govind Ranade, Benoy Sarkar), and Turkey (Ziya Gökalp). Others developed distinctive neomercantilist ideas without much, or any, reference to neomercantilist thought from Europe and the United States, including figures from Canada (John Rae), China (Sun Yat-sen, Zheng Guanying), Egypt (Muhammad Ali), Japan (Fukuzawa Yukichi, Ōkubo Toshimichi), and Korea (Yu Kil-chun). This latter group of thinkers reveal how the ideas of Hamilton and List did not play the same kind of central role in the emergence of neomercantilist thought that Smith’s played in the growth of economic liberalism. Taken together, all the thinkers described in this chapter reinforce the point that neomercantilist thought was characterized by considerable diversity.

In 1975 Mailer published The Fight, an account of the Muhammad Ali and George Foreman “Rumble in the Jungle” in Kinshasa. His portrait of Ali during the days leading up to the famous face-off punctuates Mailer’s ongoing fascination with the sport, which he covered in his journalism for decades. In all of these pieces, Mailer expounds on the existential and moral aspects of boxing, drawing connections between boxing, moral courage, masculinity, and existential leadership, which also appear in novels like The Deer Park, An American Dream, and Tough Guys Don’t Dance. This chapter engages with boxing as a journalistic focus of Mailer’s but centers on his ongoing fascination with Ali as the symbol of all that boxing symbolized.