Melanohalea nilgirica Divakar & Upreti is described as new to science. Melanelixia glabroides (Essl.) O. Blanco et al., Melanohalea poeltii (Essl.) O. Blanco et al., M. septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al., Parmelia isidioclada Vain., P. masonii Essl. & Poelt, Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Elix & Hale and Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl., are new records for the Indian lichen flora.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS rDNA and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences from 32 specimens representing Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum, P. reticulatum and P. clavuliferum from Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe are reported. Samples from western Europe and South Africa formed an independent monophyletic group, which belongs to P. pseudoreticulatum, a species not accepted by some recent authors, that has only been reported from Portugal, Spain and Morocco. In contrast, P. reticulatum and P. clavuliferum, both widely distributed taxa, formed a monophyletic clade, supporting the synonymy already proposed on the basis of morphological features.

Parmelia barrenoae is described as new to science in the P. sulcata complex on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The new species is superficially similar to P. sulcata but differs in having simple rhizines whereas the other species of the complex have squarrose rhizines. Nuclear ITS rDNA and partial β-tubulin gene sequences have been used as molecular markers. In the phylogenetic analysis, P. sulcata falls into four well supported clades, one of them corresponds to the morphotype that is described here as a new taxon. Six samples of the new taxon from different locations on the Iberian Peninsula form a strongly supported monophyletic group.