Pharyngoesophageal diverticula have many subtypes, with Zenker's diverticulum being the most common. First described in 1983, a Killian–Jamieson diverticulum is an outpouching in the anterolateral wall at the pharyngoesophageal junction. This is located inferiorly to the cricopharyngeus muscle, unlike Zenker's diverticula which occur superiorly. Killian–Jamieson diverticula are rare and are commonly misdiagnosed as Zenker's diverticula. Less than 30 reports of Killian–Jamieson diverticula have been described in the literature.

A 69-year-old man presented with a 2-year symptomatic history, and was found to have simultaneous Zenker's diverticulum and Killian–Jamieson diverticulum. He was treated successfully with open surgical excision of both pouches.

Zenker's diverticulum and Killian–Jamieson diverticulum are diagnosed using radiological studies and endoscopy. Their differentiation is important, as surgical management differs. This paper reviews the literature on Killian–Jamieson diverticula and the management options available.

Management of the pharyngeal pouch has evolved enormously since the first description by Ludlow in 1764 and the first case series by Zenker and Von Ziemssen in 1877. With the introduction of antibiotics, and the advancement of surgical technique with the advent of endoscopic surgery and lasers, current management is vastly different to that in the nineteenth century.

This paper traces the history of pharyngeal pouch management, and discusses the various treatment options and opinions recorded during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, comparing these with techniques popular today.

Pharyngeal pouch surgery has been associated with significant morbidity, both because of the elderly age of patients typically affected by the condition and because of the surgery itself and potential post-operative complications encountered. The historical development of pharyngeal pouch management and the understanding of pharyngeal pouch pathophysiology are discussed.

Haemoptysis is an uncommon presenting symptom to the ENT clinic and ward, but has potentially sinister aetiology. This article aims to provide a systematic and evidence-based method of managing patients with haemoptysis.

The data in this article are based on a literature search performed using PubMed in August 2013. The keywords used included ‘haemoptysis’ in combination with ‘otolaryngology’, ‘ENT’, ‘head & neck', ‘diagnosis’, ‘management’, ‘investigations’ and ‘treatment’.

The majority of published literature on the subject is level IV evidence. However, this can guide ENT specialists in assessing, investigating and managing presentations of haemoptysis.

Understanding the different causes of haemoptysis is important for the otolaryngologist. The main concern is the detection of a malignant lesion in the upper aerodigestive tract or tracheobronchial tree. A thorough history and systematic examination can aid diagnosis.

To determine the prevalence of laryngeal sensory neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A cross-sectional study was performed, comprising 50 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 36 healthy controls. In the diabetic group, glycaemic control level, disease duration and presence of neuropathy were assessed. Participants were diagnosed with laryngeal sensory neuropathy if they had a cough, globus pharyngeus or throat clearing lasting for more than six weeks, in the absence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease, allergies, asthma, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor intake or psychogenic disorders.

In the diabetic group, the mean age ± standard deviation was 44.66 ± 10.07 years. Sixty per cent of patients were male, 42 per cent had had diabetes for more than five years and 52 per cent had average to poor glycaemic control. The prevalence of laryngeal sensory neuropathy was 42 per cent in the diabetic group, compared with 13.9 per cent in controls; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). There was no association between the prevalence of laryngeal sensory neuropathy and glycaemic control level, disease duration or presence of neuropathy.

Laryngeal sensory neuropathy is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in controls.