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2 results

  • 7 - Benedict III, Nicholas I and Hadrian II, and the Continuing ‘Greek’ Presence in Rome

  • John Osborne, Carleton University, Ottawa
  • Book:
    Rome in the Ninth Century
    Published online:
    10 October 2023
    Print publication:
    12 October 2023, pp 161-195

  • Summary

    Spanning much of the third quarter of the century, the pontificates of Benedict III (855–858), Nicholas I (858–867) and Hadrian II (867–872) reveal a declining papal involvement in the patronage of architecture, though also considerable engagement with ecclesiastical issues of the day, including dramatically renewed contacts with Constantinople and the eastern Mediterranean in the aftermath of the definitive end of Byzantine Iconoclasm and the ‘Triumph of Orthodoxy’. In addition to the growing importance of the Roman secular aristocracy, whose domestic housing has been rediscovered in recent archaeology, evidence is surveyed for the continuing presence of a substantial Greek community in Rome, and for interest in the translation of Greek texts in the circle of the papal librarian, Anastasius. Among the most prominent survivals from these years is the tomb of St Cyril, the Byzantine missionary to the Slavs, in the lower church of San Clemente.

Rome in the Ninth Century
  • A History in Art
  • John Osborne
  • Published online:
    10 October 2023
    Print publication:
    12 October 2023
  • Intended as a sequel to Rome in the Eighth Century (Cambridge, 2020), this survey of the material culture of the city of Rome spans the period from the imperial coronation of Charlemagne in 800 to the nadir of the fortunes of the Roman Church a century later. The evidence of standing buildings, objects, historical documents, and archaeology is brought together to create an integrated picture of the political, economic, and cultural situation in the city over this period, one characterized initially by substantial wealth resulting in enormous patronage of art and architecture, but then followed by almost total impoverishment and collapse. John Osborne also attempts to correct the widespread notion that the Franco-papal alliance of the late eighth century led to a political and cultural break between Rome and the broader cultural world of the Christian eastern Mediterranean. Beautifully illustrated, this book is essential for everyone interested in medieval Rome.