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Discover how mid-infrared and terahertz photonics has been revolutionized in this comprehensive overview of state-of-the art quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Combining real-world examples with expert guidance, it provides a thorough treatment of practical applications, including high-power continuous-wave QCLs, frequency-comb devices, quantum-electronic transport and thermal transport modeling, and beam shaping in QCLs. With a focus on recent developments, such as frequency noise and frequency stabilization of QCLs, grating-outcoupled surface-emitting mid-infrared QCLs, coherent-power scaling of mid-IR and THz QCLs, metasurface-based surface-emitting THz QCLs, self-mixing in QCLs, and THz QCL sources based on difference-frequency generation, it also features detailed theoretical explanations of means for efficiency maximization, design criteria for high-power continuous-wave operation of QCLs, and QCL thermal modeling, enabling you to improve performance of current and future devices. Paving the way for new applications and further advancements, this is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, and practitioners in electrical, opto-electronic, and photonic engineering.
The principles of photoacoustic spectroscopy and the acoustic wave equation are introduced for describing the acoustic waves generated from a modulated heat source. Acoustic resonant cells for signal enhancement are considered in detail with a full mathematical description of the resonant modes. Analytical expressions are derived for the amplitude of the acoustic modes generated by excitation of a gas with a modulated DFB laser, describing the coupling of the harmonics from the wavelength and intensity modulation to the acoustic modes.Conditions for the selective excitation of longitudinal, azimuthal and radial modes by the laser beam are explained in relation to the overlap factor between the acoustic mode profile and the beam profile.Expressions are given for the Q-factor of the cell and how cell dimensions may be chosen to optimise the performance. Calibration and sensitivity issues are discussed with examples given of typical photoacoustic cells in bulk or miniaturised form and the expected signal output at the microphone. The technique of quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is also briefly reviewed as an alternative to the use of photoacoustic cells.
An invaluable text for the teaching, design, and development of gas sensor technology. This excellent resource synthesizes the fundamental principles of spectroscopy, laser physics, and photonics technology and engineering to enable the reader to fully understand the key issues and apply them in the design of optical gas absorption sensors. It provides a straightforward introduction to low-cost and highly versatile near-IR systems, as well as an extensive review of mid-IR systems. Fibre laser systems for spectroscopy are also examined in detail, especially the emerging technique of frequency comb spectroscopy. Featuring many examples of real-world application and performance, as well as MATLAB computer programs for modeling and simulation, this exceptional work is ideal for postgraduate students, researchers, and professional engineers seeking to gain an in-depth understanding of the principles and applications of fibre-optic and laser-based gas sensors.
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