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We describe electromagnetism as an Abelian gauge theory (for the Abelian group U(1)). Then we describe it in the language of p-forms, after defining p-forms and their formalism in detail. General p-form fields in various dimensions are also defined. Finally, we consider the massive vector field, the Proca field.
We describe vector theories in 2+1 dimensions, Maxwell, Proca, with topological mass terms, and finally the “self-dual” action. We generalize the “self-duality” to odd dimensions. We show the duality of the self-dual action to the one with topological mass term, through the intermediary of a master action. We generalize the proof to odd dimensions. We then describe the basic 1+1 dimensional example of duality, the “T-duality”, and finish with comments on CS fields in higher odd dimensions.
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