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9 results

  • 27 - Arrian of Nikomedeia, Circumnavigation of the Euxine

  • from PART IV: - Roman Period
  • D. Graham J. Shipley, University of Leicester
  • Book:
    Geographers of the Ancient Greek World
    Published online:
    25 March 2024
    Print publication:
    18 April 2024, pp 740-759

  • Summary

    This chapter presents a revised, annotated translation of Arrian’s published version of his report to the emperor Hadrian (written around AD 131–5, when his consulship was long past) about his tour of duty in the Black Sea, when he led a squadron of ships from Trapezous round the east end of the sea as far as Dioskourias-Sebastopolis. The text mentions several Roman military installations and outlines the geopolitical circumstances of particular districts, as well as listing many harbour and river mouths together with the distances between them. The southern shore of the sea is described in a ‘flashback’, while the north-western and western parts, which Arrian did not reach, are described on the basis of earlier reports. As the chapter introduction points out, the digression near the end of the work about the island of Leuke (mod. Zmiinyi), where Achilles lived after being spirited away from Troy, is thought to be a tacit tribute to Hadrian’s companion Antinoös, who had died in 130. A new map illustrates the stages of the narrative.

  • “Fine dining” in the Roman provinces: an interdisciplinary study of a peristyle house kitchen at the legionary camp of Vindonissa, Switzerland

  • Simone Häberle, Sabine Deschler-Erb, Matthias Flück, Philippe Rentzel, Angela Schlumbaum, Patricia Vandorpe
  • Journal:
    Journal of Roman Archaeology / Volume 36 / Issue 2 / December 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 November 2023, pp. 397-432
    Print publication:
    December 2023
    • Article
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  • The peristyle house kitchen in the legionary camp at Vindonissa is one of the few examples of a Mediterranean-style kitchen with a raised hearth in the northwestern provinces. The exceptional preservation of the kitchen made possible an interdisciplinary investigation combining archaeological, archaeobiological, and micromorphological analyses in order to reconstruct dietary and food-processing practices, kitchen maintenance, and waste disposal management in a 1st-c. CE legionary camp household in Germania Superior. The kitchen infrastructure, the large ceramic inventory, and the amphorae finds together indicate a sophisticated cuisine and also food preparation for a large number of people, most likely by servants. The archaeobiological finds provide evidence that the diet was strongly Roman influenced and luxurious. These results confirm that the diet and in general the whole lifestyle of military members was strongly determined by military rank. The house was most likely inhabited by a high-ranking officer of the 11th legion.

  • ATHENA SPITS BLOOD AT ROME, VICTORIA FLEES FROM THE ENEMY: PORTENTA AND IDENTITY IN THE EARLY PRINCIPATE

  • Alex A. Antoniou
  • Journal:
    Greece & Rome / Volume 70 / Issue 2 / October 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 September 2023, pp. 175-196
    Print publication:
    October 2023
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  • Despite early imperial portenta being largely ignored in secondary literature, the reports of such incidents demand increased scholarly attention. This paper contends that decoding reports of portents from the early empire can give us fundamental insights into key moments of identity negotiation in this period. This paper will primarily focus on two such reports, signs of divine displeasure reported in Athens and in Camulodunum. This paper contends that within such reports we can glimpse complex and contested issues of identity creation and redefinition at intra-local, trans-local, and global levels.

  • 4 - The Emperor in the Capital and Provinces

  • Olivier Hekster, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
  • Book:
    Caesar Rules
    Published online:
    23 November 2022
    Print publication:
    08 December 2022, pp 260-325

  • Summary

    The Roman emperor ruled one of the largest empires in world history. It consisted of different peoples living in wildly different contexts. They had different expectations of who the emperor was and how he should behave, although the range of those expectations was limited. Views of emperorship were locally dependent. The image of the emperor was not the same throughout the empire, and was often closely bound to his visibility in and his relationship with a specific region. How emperors were represented through statues, historical reliefs, triumphal arches, temples and other monuments, and through the ceremonies that surrounded emperorship, had an enormous impact on how the people who encountered these monuments or participated in these ceremonies perceived their emperors. As the number of monuments accumulated over time, they created an increasingly stable local ‘memoryscape’. Existing imagery influenced both the creation of new local images and the expectations of imperial behaviour.

Souvenirs and the Experience of Empire in Ancient Rome
  • Maggie Popkin
  • Published online:
    20 May 2022
    Print publication:
    21 April 2022
  • In this book, Maggie Popkin offers an in-depth investigation of souvenirs, a type of ancient Roman object that has been understudied and that is unfamiliar to many people. Souvenirs commemorated places, people, and spectacles in the Roman Empire. Straddling the spheres of religion, spectacle, leisure, and politics, they serve as a unique resource for exploring the experiences, interests, imaginations, and aspirations of a broad range of people - beyond elite, metropolitan men - who lived in the Roman world. Popkin shows how souvenirs generated and shaped memory and knowledge, as well as constructed imagined cultural affinities across the empire's heterogeneous population. At the same time, souvenirs  strengthened local identities, but excluded certain groups from the social participation that souvenirs made available to so many others. Featuring a full illustration program of 137 color and black and white images, Popkin's book demonstrates the critical role that souvenirs played in shaping how Romans perceived and conceptualized their world, and their relationships to the empire that shaped it.

Isis in a Global Empire
  • Greek Identity through Egyptian Religion in Roman Greece
  • Lindsey A. Mazurek
  • Published online:
    06 February 2022
    Print publication:
    24 February 2022
  • In Isis in a Global Empire, Lindsey Mazurek explores the growing popularity of Egyptian gods and its impact on Greek identity in the Roman Empire. Bringing together archaeological, art historical, and textual evidence, she demonstrates how the diverse devotees of gods such as Isis and Sarapis considered Greek ethnicity in ways that differed significantly from those of the Greek male elites whose opinions have long shaped our understanding of Roman Greece. These ideas were expressed in various ways - sculptures of Egyptian deities rendered in a Greek style, hymns to Isis that grounded her in Greek geography and mythology, funerary portraits that depicted devotees dressed as Isis, and sanctuaries that used natural and artistic features to evoke stereotypes of the Nile. Mazurek's volume offers a fresh, material history of ancient globalization, one that highlights the role that religion played in the self-identification of provincial Romans and their place in the Mediterranean world.

  • Auxilia and Gymnasia: A Sicilian Model of Roman Imperialism*

  • Jonathan R. W. Prag
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Roman Studies / Volume 97 / November 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 March 2010, pp. 68-100
    Print publication:
    November 2007

  • This paper examines the evidence for military activity in the Republican provincia of Sicily from the Punic Wars to the Civil Wars, and the implications of this for our understanding of Republican Sicily and Republican imperialism. After the Second Punic War there was very little use of Roman or Italian allied soldiers on the island, but extensive use, by Rome, of local Sicilian soldiers. The rich evidence for gymnasia suggests one way in which this use of local manpower was based upon existing civic structures and encouraged local civic culture and identity. These conclusions prompt a reassessment of the importance of auxilia externa under the Roman Republic and of models for Republican imperial control of provinciae.

  • 2 - The Jewish diaspora

  • from Part I - The Political, Social and Religious Setting
  • Edited by Margaret M. Mitchell, University of Chicago, Frances M. Young, University of Birmingham
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Christianity
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    19 January 2006, pp 53-68

  • Summary

    The spread of Jews in significant numbers around the Mediterranean, on the other hand, had followed Alexander the Great's conquest of the east, and was consolidated under Greek and then Roman sovereignty. Major Jewish settlements were located in the cities of the Roman provinces of Asia, in Greece and in Egypt. Jewish identities in the ancient Mediterranean varied widely, as might be expected. In the sphere of material culture, burial practices and funerary epigraphy shed light on the Jews' adaptation to their varied diaspora environments. Jews normally adopted the burial patterns and epitaph types used in the wider society. The essence of diaspora circumstances lies in powerlessness more than in power and might always turn to acrimony. This was surely the lesson learnt by Mediterranean Jewry through the half millennium which authors have surveyed of their existence in dispersion. The early Christian communities shared many of the same experiences; they brought to bear on them both old techniques and new.

  • 5 - Gentile Christianity

  • from Part II - The Jesus Movements
  • Edited by Margaret M. Mitchell, University of Chicago, Frances M. Young, University of Birmingham
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Christianity
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    19 January 2006, pp 103-124

  • Summary

    The contrast between 'Jew' and 'Greek' can denote the linguistic divide between the Hebrew and Greek tongues, with 'Greek' also serving as a metonymy for the entire cultural and cultic difference between those whose world-view is circumscribed by the polytheistic pantheon of Greek religion and literature. The earliest and most important sources for Gentile Christianity are the seven authentic letters written by Paul c. 50-60 to assemblies of Christians. In recounting the geographical spread of the Pauline mission to the Gentiles, follow the terms of Roman provincial organisation and urban place names which Paul himself chose to employ in his letters. From Macedonia Paul and co-workers Timothy and Silvanus moved into mainland Greece. Early catholicism is sometimes used to refer to the developments in Gentile, particularly Pauline, Christian communities in the third generation, as they are known to everyone in the Pastoral Epistles, the letters of Ignatius and Polycarp, and the Acts of the Apostles.