Most of the schools of theology present at the Council of Trent arose after the middle of the thirteenth century and late medieval theology attributed a certain theological authority to these schools. This chapter examines the way in which these schools contributed positively to the development of the council’s doctrinal decrees where there was consensus among them. While the council fathers generally avoided favoring one Catholic school of theology over another, there were occasions when the view of a particular school was rejected. This chapter also examines some of the various schools at Trent, such as Scotism and Thomism, and their prominent members.

This essay holds that there is room in Duns Scotus’s thought not only for things related to one another by a relation of dependence but also for analogous concepts, namely concepts that capture those real relations in the way they represent things in the world. Duns Scotus’s statements on the analogy of being, however, are fragmentary. They were reworked into a coherent theory by three Franciscans in Barcelona during the 1320s, namely, Aufredo Gonteri, Peter of Navarre, and Peter Thomae, who proposed three different ways to balance the analogy of being with the rival thesis of univocity and offered an early example of how Duns Scotus’s thought could be developed in different directions.