Lecania chlorotiza and L. falcata, described here as new from Spain/Navarra, the Canary Islands and the Azores, do not belong to Lecania s. str. They belong to a strongly supported clade comprising Bacidia, Bacidina, Scutula and Toninia when examined with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences using mtSSU, nuLSU and nuITS sequences. This clade represents the Bacidiaceae and is included in the Ramalinaceae s. lat. Most genera included in that family need further work before a new genus can possibly be described for Lecania chlorotiza and L. falcata.

Pronectria rolfiana Etayo sp. nov. is described on Solorina sp. from Austria and Germany. The new species has been confused with Xenonectriella lutescens, a species hitherto reported from one locality in Bavaria. Scutula pseudocyphellariae Etayo & Triebel is described on Pseudocyphellaria berberina and P. flavicans from southern Chile and Unguiculariopsis fasciculata Etayo on Ramalina stenospora from Florida. The new combination Clypeococcum psoromatis (A. Massal.) Etayo comb. nov. is introduced for the common Mediterranean lichenicolous fungus hitherto named Clypeococcum epicrassum (H. Olivier) Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux.

We have studied and tried to clarify the application of names of all the lichenicolous fungi described by Carlos Spegazzinii. Several of these names have not previously been treated by mycologists currently specializing in lichenicolous fungi. Verruculina gen. nov. is introduced with V. sigmatospora (Speg.) Etayo (syn. Metanectria sigmatospora) as type, and the new combination Scutula nephromatis (Speg.) Etayo (syn. Patellea nephromatis) is made. Material of several species, Diplosporium caudatum (on Punctelia), Pleurotus lichenicolus (on Usnea), Pyrenopeziza lichenicola (on Flavoparmelia), Selenosporium lichenicola (on Candelaria) and Vermiculariella lichenicolum (on Physcia and Peltigera), could not be located in Spegazzini’s collections in La Plata (LPS), therefore these names remain to be clarified.