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5 results

  • 4 - Grammatical Variation in England

  • from Part I - English
  • Edited by Susan Fox, Universität Bern, Switzerland
  • Book:
    Language in Britain and Ireland
    Published online:
    17 October 2024
    Print publication:
    31 October 2024, pp 98-127

  • Summary

    This chapter presents an up-to-date overview of what we know about contemporary grammatical variation in England, drawing on a range of sources such as traditional and variationist dialectological investigations, as well as those using new technologies such as smartphone apps and Twitter feeds. It begins with an assessment of how common the use of non-standard morphosyntax is vis à vis Standard English, before presenting a well-cited list of the most widespread features that are claimed to be found right across the country. The chapter then describes contemporary non-standard grammatical variation in England, examining, in turn: verbs, negation, adverbs, prepositions, plural marking, pronouns, comparison forms, articles and conjunctions. Beyond an account of contemporary morphosyntactic variability, this survey also helps us to locate those linguistic features and those geographical areas about which we hold very little up-to-date information, and, in the light of reports of widespread traditional dialect levelling, points to those non-standard features whose vitality appears to be precarious.

  • How to Manage Suicidal Risk at Digital Distance

  • P. Courtet
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S55
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
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  • Suicide prevention remains very difficult to achieve for many reasons, notably because we do not have any indicator of risk prediction, short-term risk factors being little explored, and evaluations being retrospective they are biased. Furthermore, patients at risk are not followed up, because of their lack of confidence in care, stigma, shame. On the other hand, the gap observed during the covid19 pandemic between distress and less occurrence of suicides could be linked to more virtual contacts. Then, the smartphone might be a good tool to stay connected to a protective network. We will discuss the opportunity offered by the smartphone to monitor patients with ecological momentary assessment, allowing to better characterize their acute states and detect an increased risk in real time, and thanks to the ecological momentary intervention 24/7 availability, improve access to care and better coordinate resources, and encourage self-care. These tools while offering new solutions for an efficient real time suicide prevention, may also raise some ethical issues that should be addressed.

    Disclosure

    Fondamental Foundation supported the developement of the application EMMA

  • Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response: There’s an App for That 2.0

  • Kyle J. McAtee, Robert Bedenbaugh, Dorothy (Christie) Lakis, Daniel J. Bachmann, Nicholas E. Kman
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 37 / Issue 1 / February 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 December 2021, pp. 117-123
    Print publication:
    February 2022
  • Introduction:

    In disaster response, smartphone applications (or apps) are being used by the layperson, emergency first responders, and health care providers to aid in everything from incident reporting to clinical decision making. However, quality apps are often diluted by the overwhelming number of apps that exist for both the lay public and first responders in the Apple iTunes (Apple Inc.; Cupertino, California USA) and Google Play (Google LLC; Mountain View, California USA) stores.

    Hypothesis/Problem:

    A systematic review of disaster response apps was originally completed in 2015; a follow-up review was completed here to evaluate trends and explore novel apps.

    Methods:

    A search of the Apple iTunes and Google Play stores was performed using the following terms obtained from PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information; Bethesda, Maryland USA) Medical Subject Headings Database: Emergency Preparedness; Emergency Responders; Disaster; Disaster Planning; Disaster Medicine; Bioterrorism; Chemical Terrorism; Hazardous Materials; and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA [Washington, DC USA]). After excluding any unrelated apps, a working list of apps was formed and categorized based on topics. Apps were categorized by intended user (first responders or the public) and sub-categorized by topic for discussion. Sub-categories included News/Information, Reference/Education, Weather/Natural Disasters, Travel/Navigation, and Communication/Reunification.

    Results:

    A search of the Apple iTunes store revealed 394 unique apps and was narrowed to 342 based on relevance to the field and availability on the iPhone. A search of the Google Play store yielded 645 unique applications and was narrowed to 634 based on relevance. Of note, 49 apps appeared in both app stores using the search terms. An aggregate 927 apps from the Apple iTunes and Google Play stores were then critically reviewed by the authors. Apps were sub-categorized based on intended audience, layperson or first responder, and sorted into one of five disaster response categories. Two apps were chosen for discussion from each of the five sub-categories. The highest quality apps were determined from each group based on relevance to emergency preparedness and disaster response, rating, and number of reviews.

    Conclusion:

    After comparisons with the 2015 article, many new apps have been developed and previously described apps have been updated, highlighting that this is a constantly changing field deserving of continued analysis and research.

  • Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response: There’s An App for That

  • Daniel J. Bachmann, Nathan K. Jamison, Andrew Martin, Jose Delgado, Nicholas E. Kman
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 30 / Issue 5 / October 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 September 2015, pp. 486-490
    Print publication:
    October 2015
  • Introduction

    Smartphone applications (or apps) are becoming increasingly popular with emergency responders and health care providers, as well as the public as a whole. There are thousands of medical apps available for Smartphones and tablet computers, with more added each day. These include apps to view textbooks, guidelines, medication databases, medical calculators, and radiology images.

    Hypothesis/Problem

    With an ever expanding catalog of apps that relate to disaster medicine, it is hard for both the lay public and responders to know where to turn for effective Smartphone apps. A systematic review of these apps was conducted.

    Methods

    A search of the Apple iTunes store (Version 12; Apple Inc.; Cupertino, California USA) was performed using the following terms obtained from the PubMed Medical Subject Headings Database: Emergency Preparedness, Emergency Responders, Disaster, Disaster Planning, Disaster Medicine, Bioterrorism, Chemical Terrorism, Hazardous Materials (HazMat), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). After excluding any unrelated apps, a working list of apps was formed and categorized based on topics. Apps were grouped based on applicability to responders, the lay public, or regional preparedness, and were then ranked based on iTunes user reviews, value, relevance to audience, and user interface.

    Results

    This search revealed 683 applications and was narrowed to 219 based on relevance to the field. After grouping the apps as described above, and subsequently ranking them, the highest quality apps were determined from each group. The Community Emergency Response Teams and FEMA had the best apps for National Disaster Medical System responders. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had high-quality apps for emergency responders in a variety of fields. The National Library of Medicine’s Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) app was an excellent app for HazMat responders. The American Red Cross had the most useful apps for natural disasters. Numerous valuable apps for public use, including alert apps, educational apps, and a well-made regional app, were also identified.

    Conclusion

    Smartphone applications are fast becoming essential to emergency responders and the lay public. Many high-quality apps existing in various price ranges and serving different populations were identified. This field is changing rapidly and it deserves continued analysis as more apps are developed.

    BachmannDJ , JamisonNK , MartinA , DelgadoJ , KmanNE . Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response: There’s An App for That. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):1–5.

  • ‘My Meal Mate’ (MMM): validation of the diet measures captured on a smartphone application to facilitate weight loss

  • Michelle C. Carter, V. J. Burley, C. Nykjaer, J. E. Cade
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 109 / Issue 3 / 14 February 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 May 2012, pp. 539-546
    Print publication:
    14 February 2013
    • Article
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  • Accurate dietary assessment is an essential foundation of research in nutritional epidemiology. Due to the weaknesses in current methodology, attention is turning to strategies that automate the dietary assessment process to improve accuracy and reduce the costs and burden to participants and researchers. ‘My Meal Mate’ (MMM) is a smartphone application designed to support weight loss. The present study aimed to validate the diet measures recorded on MMM against a reference measure of 24 h dietary recalls. A sample of fifty volunteers recorded their food and drink intake on MMM for 7 d. During this period, they were contacted twice at random to conduct 24 h telephone recalls. Daily totals for energy (kJ) and macronutrients recorded on MMM were compared against the corresponding day of recall using t tests for group means and Pearson's correlations. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between the methods. Energy (kJ) recorded on MMM correlated well with the recalls (day 1: r 0·77 (95 % CI 0·62, 0·86), day 2: r 0·85 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·91)) and had a small mean difference (day 1 (MMM −  recall): − 68 kJ/d (95 % CI − 553, 418 kJ) ( − 16 kcal/d, 95 % CI − 127, 100 kcal); day 2 (MMM −  recall): − 441 kJ/d (95 % CI − 854, − 29 kJ) ( − 105 kcal/d, 95 % CI − 204, − 7 kcal)). Bland–Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement between the methods: − 3378 to 3243 kJ/d ( − 807 to 775 kcal/d) on day 1. At the individual level, the limits of agreement between MMM and the 24 h recall were wide; however, at the group level, MMM appears to have potential as a dietary assessment tool.