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1 results

  • 14 - The Crusades, 1095–1198

  • Edited by David Luscombe, University of Sheffield, Jonathan Riley-Smith, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 October 2004, pp 534-563

  • Summary

    The proclamation of the First Crusade at Clermont by Pope Urban II on 27 November 1095 was marked by the flamboyance which was a feature of his year-long journey through France. The goal of Jerusalem made the First Crusade a pilgrimage. In synthesising the traditions of war and pilgrimage Urban gave the idea of penitential warfare, which had emerged in embryo in the past decade or so, substance by linking it to the most charismatic penance then known, pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Many of the earliest crusaders lived within reach of the stages on the pope's itinerary through France, but many more did not, and it is not clear how the news of his message spread in a form that was sufficiently appealing to encourage men to join up. The Spanish crusade was discussed at a council at Compostela in January 1125, presided over by Archbishop Diego Gelmìrez, who issued a call to arms.