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Institutional investment in forestry has now exceeded US$100 billion, much of this in the United States. Many large institutional investors are considered ‘universal owners’ because they own a portion of all sectors, geographies and markets of the global economy through their investment portfolios. These large investors increasingly acknowledge that negative environmental and social externalities pose material risks to their long-term investments, with many beginning to consider the alignment of their portfolios with internationally agreed objectives on climate change and sustainable development. Efforts to measure and monitor ESG (environmental, social, governance) performance of forestry investments are now well established. We propose a framework of criteria to assess landscape-scale outcomes from forestry investment activities which we call Sustainable Landscape Investment. This framework can help address wicked forestry problems and the often-competing demands of investors, local communities, governments and NGOs.
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