Introduction. Small-scale bananaproducers in Tanzania are facing constraints caused by the destructiveactivities of the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar).Many currently used methods of addressing the problem are ineffective ortoo expensive for local farmers to implement. Materials and methods.A combination of two integrated pest management (IPM) tools (regulartrapping in combination with field sanitation) was tested at twofarmer-managed sites (Bujela and Kyimo) and one researcher-managedsite (SUA-Morogoro). Treated areas were surrounded by untreatedcontrol areas where no trapping and limited sanitation was done.Changes in population densities were estimated by the mark-recaptureprocedure and the Lincoln index. Results and discussion. Aftereight months, weevil populations in the cleaned and trapped areashad been reduced by 33% (Bujela), 33% (Kyimo) and 74% (SUA). Thechange in population sizes in the control areas differed greatly,possibly due to discrepancies in field management between farmers’ andresearchers’ practice. Trap types, areas and sites affected thenumber of weevils captured. Disc-on-stump (DOS) traps captured moreweevils than corm disc (CD) and pseudostem (PS) traps. Weevils respondedmore strongly to traps in the clean area at SUA compared with theother two sites, probably because the more rigid sanitation practicesat SUA meant that volatiles from the traps were less likely to bemasked by volatiles from surrounding residues. Conclusion.Regular trapping with field sanitation can greatly reduce populationsof banana weevils, but strict adherence to method execution is requiredin order to gain favourable results.

Introduction. Studies to determine the pre-requisites for formulating an IPM program for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) were conducted in the Morogoro region, Central Tanzania, from 2004 to 2006. Specifically, studies aimed at determining the biodiversity of fruit flies, and their incidence and abundance in the surveyed region. Materials and methods. Adult flies were collected using McPhail traps baited with parapheromones (methyl eugenol, trimedlure and cue lure) and synthetic food baits (hydrolyzed yeast and three-component lure). Flies were also collected from infested fruits after incubation in the laboratory. A total of four sites and neighboring areas representing the three agro-ecological zones of Morogoro region were used. Results. Two key fruit fly pests were determined based on incidence in major fruits and their seasonal abundance. The invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White, is the key pest in the low and medium altitude areas. On the other hand, the Natal fruit fly, Ceratitis rosa Karsch, is the key frugivorous pest in the high altitude areas. Discussion. Management programs of fruit flies need to focus on key pests, taking into consideration their breeding in the non-agricultural habitats. Components of such a program should include the Male Annihilation Technique (MAT), legislation, use of parapheromones and baits, farm hygiene and sanitation, quarantine, surveillance and postharvest treatment.

Introduction. Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) are among the major constraints in commercial horticulture in many African developing countries. Knowledge of the tephritid spectrum in any given area is a prerequisite for the development of an IPM program to alleviate the pest problem. We studied the fruit fly diversity in four main agro-ecological zones which are significant fruit-producing areas in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Materials and methods. Fruit fly diversity was investigated for one year (October 2004 – October 2005). Parapheromones, synthetic food attractant and protein-bait traps were used to trap the flies at the different locations in Morogoro region, Tanzania. One mixed orchard was selected at each of four locations representing the different agro-ecological zones of the region. Results. The recently introduced alien species, Bactrocera invadens, and three indigenous pest species, Ceratitis rosa, Dacus bivittatus and D. punctatifrons, were found at all the four sites, while Bactrocera cucurbitae, Ceratitis cosyra, Dacus chiwira and D. humeralis were found in three out of the four sites. The Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Horticulture Unit and Mikese sites had the highest species diversity while the Mkindo and Nyandira sites had the lowest diversity. The between-habitats diversity (Beta diversity) was similar among the SUA, Mkindo and Mikese sites. Only the Nyandira site had a higher dissimilarity in comparison with the other three sites. Discussion. The most abundant species at low- and mid-elevation sites was Bactrocera invadens while, at high elevation, Ceratitis rosa was the dominant species. Protein-baited traps attracted the highest diversity of fruit flies in comparison with the more specific parapheromones. The synthetic food attractant (three-component lure) was less efficient compared with the protein bait. The large dissimilarity at the Nyandira site is probably due to the different types of host fruits found and grown in high altitude areas (mainly temperate fruits). Fruit fly species associated with these types of fruits, e.g., Ceratitis rubivora and Trirhithrum coffeae, were found only at this site.

Aqueous neem seed kernels extracts (NSKE) were used to treat flea-infested goats in Morogoro, Tanzania to determine their efficacy for flea control. Mean population densities of the insects were significantly lower in the treated goats compared to their untreated counterparts (P < 0.05). It was concluded that NSKE has potential in controlling livestock fleas, but further studies are needed to determine the active principals against fleas and their mode of action.

Helicopsyche annae sp.n., H. barbata sp.n., H. bifida sp.n., H. jacquemarti sp.n., H. pedunculata sp.n., H. stoltzei sp.n., H. tanzanica sp.n., H. ulugurensis sp.n. and H. usambarensis sp.n. (Trichoptera : Helicopsychidae) are described.All the new species inhabit mountainous areas in eastern Tanzania. Helicopsyche marlieri Jacquemart, 1957 fromeastern Zaïre is redescribed. A key to the species known from East Africa is provided. Distributional and ecologicaldata are discussed and briefly analyzed.

The generic diagnosis of Euryhapsis Oliver and the description of E. cilium Oliver are augmented. E. fuscipropessp.n. is described as male imago and shown to be close to E. cilium. The systematic position of the genera related toBrillia Kieffer and Eurycnemus van der Wulp is discussed. A review and a key to male and female imagines of generaof the Brillia group with single gonostyli are given. The generic diagnoses of the genera Irisobrillia Oliver, TokyobrilliaKobayashi & Sasa, and Pseudobrillia Niitsuma are augmented or emended. The description of the female imago of T. longicosta Oliver is augmented. T. anderseni sp. n. from Tanzania is described as male and female imago, the description of the male imago of I. Tamamegaseta augmented and the female described. The description of the male imago of P. komorii Niitsuma is augmented.