This chapter analyses the efforts by Benin and other sub-Saharan African countries to raise tax revenue, in regard to structural characteristics, and explores possible determinants of, and the scope for, greater domestic revenue mobilisation and for tax policy and administration reforms. First, the tax effort in Benin remained relatively stable in 1980–2015, but Benin performed poorer (14th) compared to its neighbour Togo (5th). Second, there is evidence of a positive effect of government transparency and accountability, ‘control of corruption’, and political stability on tax effort. On the contrary, foreign aid is associated with low tax effort. Third, several strategies are investigated to reduce the tax gaps in Benin. If the tax policy seems relatively constrained by reference to the West Africa Economic and Monetary Unions Tax Directives, the Togolese experiment of switching to a semi-autonomous revenue authority may provide guidance to find some room to improve domestic revenue mobilisation. In particular, Benin should review the management of human resources in the tax and customs administrations, and the scope of derogatory regimes that generate tax expenditures.