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2 results

  • Chapter 5 - Critical Reflection

  • Jon F. Wergin, Antioch University, Ohio
  • Book:
    Deep Learning in a Disorienting World
    Published online:
    29 November 2019
    Print publication:
    19 December 2019, pp 73-87

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the importance of critical reflection on human experience. Critical reflection is not an innate human quality and so must be cultivated. What distinguishes critical reflection from simple reflection is the assessment of one’s assumptions, especially hegemonic assumptions, those deeply ingrained presumptions about existing power relationships in society. Critical reflection is important throughout all aspects of human learning, including the development of expertise and the incidental learning that happens every day, usually below our conscious awareness.

  • Reflective practice, artificial intelligence, and engineering design: Common trends and interrelationships

  • W.P.S. DIAS
  • Journal:
    AI EDAM / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / September 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 December 2002, pp. 261-271

  • Some historical and current trends in reflective practice (RP), artificial intelligence (AI), and engineering design (ED) are presented and compared. Human artistry, context, and connectionist approaches to knowledge are the common threads highlighted. ED is considered to be a type of RP and AI a part of RP. This is supported by an analysis of the transformation processes involved in each. AI and systems are presented as approaches for the formalization of RP at the technical and conceptual levels, respectively. Interconnectedness in a hierarchical fashion and purposeful process loops are defined as the key ingredients of a systems approach. AI techniques that could support a range of ED categories (case-based reasoning, decomposition, and transformation) are identified, as are the wider RP approaches that subsume those categories. The ED, AI, and RP categories are identified as spanning from routine to creative, connectionist to cognitivist, and intuitive to deliberate, respectively.