Chapter 14 discusses the Polish law on the basis of which electronic evidence is collected. These provisions are not always consistent with each other and do not contain a definition of electronic evidence. The chapter presents the problem of adapting the regulations of the Polish Telecommunications Act to the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of legal requirements for collecting electronic evidence, and assesses the mechanism for controlling the acquisition of telecommunications data by the police. It looks at difficulties in providing electronic evidence to law enforcement authorities (LEAs) by very small service providers that do not possess appropriate organisational and financial resources, and the problem of limited remedies being available for persons whose data was collected by an LEA in violation of the law. It expresses doubt as to the manner of implementing the European Investigation Order in the Code of Criminal Procedure in Poland in terms of guaranteeing the defendant’s right to defence.

This chapter addresses the myth that rural regions are unsustainable due to challenges with economies of scale and the perception that rural life must be “subsidized.” While urban life is commonly viewed as dynamic and efficient, rural life is often considered a waste of resources. These views cause skepticism about investing in, and supporting, rural life more robustly. There are several problems with the myth of rural unsustainability. First, it neglects urban–rural interdependence and the fact that cities are subsidized by rural provision of food, energy, fibers, and other natural and processed resources. Second, the myth discounts the decades-long tradition of utilities and common carrier regulation in the United States. Economic regulation, which was more substantial prior to the deregulatory era since the 1980s, was designed to help facilitate geographic convergence, guard against concentration of resources in mega-cities, create a cohesive national economy, and make the distribution of resources and opportunities across landscapes more equitable. The chapter interrogates the concept of economies of scale, explores overlooked urban dependency, and reviews legal history and legislative debates surrounding transportation and telecommunications regulation, such as through the Interstate Commerce Commission, to make the case that rural communities should and can be sustained, and are thus “sustainable.”