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  • Chapter 6 - Health Workforce in Low and Middle Income Countries

  • from Section 1 - Analyzing Health Systems: Concepts, Components, Performance
  • Edited by Sameen Siddiqi, Aga Khan University, Awad Mataria, World Health Organization, Egypt, Katherine D. Rouleau, University of Toronto, Meesha Iqbal, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston
  • Book:
    Making Health Systems Work in Low and Middle Income Countries
    Published online:
    08 December 2022
    Print publication:
    29 December 2022, pp 83-101

  • Summary

    A well performing health workforce is critical for the success of any health system. A higher density of health workers vis-à-vis the population is associated with improved service coverage and health outcomes. This chapter highlights key considerations in identifying the critical health workforce challenges and the factors that influence them. It provides an overview of some of the conceptual underpinnings for a deeper understanding of the workforce issues, followed by a synopsis of specific low- and middle-income country (L&MIC) challenges and determinants related to workforce availability, distribution, and performance to improve service delivery and coverage goals. The desired health workforce should be able to effectively respond to the shifting health priorities of the population, given evolving disease burden and epidemiology, and deploy technological resources rationally and cost-effectively. This requires effectively matching the supply and skills of health workers to population needs, now and in the future.