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8 results

  • The spectacle of production: a Roman imperial winery at the Villa of the Quintilii, Rome

  • Part of
  • Emlyn Dodd, Giuliana Galli, Riccardo Frontoni
  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 97 / Issue 392 / April 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 April 2023, pp. 436-453
    Print publication:
    April 2023
    • Article
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  • The elites of many past cultures have sought to romanticise agricultural labour—often the source of their wealth and hence their status. A recently discovered winery at the Villa of the Quintilii on the Via Appia Antica, near Rome, provides only the second known example from the Graeco-Roman world of an opulent wine production complex built to facilitate vinicultural ‘spectacle’. The authors present the architectural and decorative form of the winery and illustrate how the annual vintage was reimagined as ‘theatrical’ performance. Dating to the mid third century AD, the complex illuminates how ancient elites could fuse utilitarian function with ostentatious luxury to fashion their social and political status.

  • The Countryside of Roman Britain: A Gallic Perspective

  • Michael Fulford
  • Journal:
    Britannia / Volume 51 / November 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 May 2020, pp. 295-306
    Print publication:
    November 2020
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  • The publication of the RurLand (Rural Landscape in North-East Gaul) project has provided an opportunity to compare methodologies and results with those of The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain project. Two themes, which draw out the asymmetrical development of settlement in the two regions, are examined: the very different impacts of the Roman conquests of Gaul and of Britain on settlement numbers and settlement continuity, and the development of the agricultural economy and its relationship with the frontiers of Britain and Germany, as reflected in the growth and decline of villa estates in Britain and Gaul.

  • 18 - Peasants and agriculture

  • from Part IV - Russian Society, Law and Economy
  • Edited by Dominic Lieven, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 August 2006, pp 369-393

  • Summary

    Imperial Russia had an overwhelmingly peasant population and its economy was largely agricultural. The peasants' ways of life evolved in the different regions and over the three time periods in processes of interaction with the nobles and state authorities that exploited them and the environments in which they lived. In order to support their growing numbers, cope with the environmental conditions and meet the demands of the state and landowners, Russia's peasants, sometimes in collaboration with landowners or the state authorities, developed practices and customs to ensure their subsistence and livelihoods in the present and the foreseeable future. This chapter considers, in turn, the peasantry's ways of life in: central Russia in the hundred years prior to the late seventeenth century, central Russia between the late seventeenth and late nineteenth centuries, the outlying regions over this second period, and Russia as a whole in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

  • 10 - Egypt from Septimius Severus to the death of Constantine

  • from PART III - THE PROVINCES
  • Edited by Alan Bowman, Brasenose College, Oxford, Averil Cameron, Keble College, Oxford, Peter Garnsey, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    08 September 2005, pp 313-326

  • Summary

    This chapter sketches the social and economic features of the Roman province which have a bearing upon some of the key issues in the history of the later empire. The province of Egypt played a central role in the military and political struggles in the east during the 260s and 270s. The reforms under Diocletian and his immediate successors amount to a radical overhaul of the Egyptian administration, brought about by stages over more than two decades. The changes and developments in Egypt between Septimius Severus and Constantine are exceptionally important, not least because of the implications for the history of the empire in the third and early fourth centuries as a whole. Recent studies of fundamental aspects of the agricultural economy in the Fayum and the Oxyrhynchite Nome reveal management strategies which are both sophisticated in the case of day-to-day organization and relatively stable in the case of landholding and tenancy.

  • 18 - Economic Organisation

  • from PART II - GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONS
  • Edited by Rosamond McKitterick, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 September 1995, pp 481-509

  • Summary

    A sensitivity to grain crises and the rapid and dynamic reactions may be responsible for the apparently somewhat chaotic and uneven growth. Such a characteristic of early medieval demographic evolution is probably partly responsible for the fact that these fluctuations cannot be determined or delimited chronologically. The prevalence of pigs in comparison to sheep and especially to cattle, on both desmesne land and farms held in tenure, points to mixed farming in which the stock economy was subordinate to an agricultural economy centred on grain production. From about the middle of the eighth century onwards, the structure and exploitation of land ownership in the Frankish empire between Loire and Rhine, between Rhine, Elbe and Alps, and in northern and central Italy underwent profound changes. As a result of the dominant role of manorial organisation in agrarian and industrial production, the exchange of goods and trade were also to a large extent dependent on the large estate and its production.

  • 3 - Trade and manufacture, 1860–1945: firms, markets and the colonial state

  • B. R. Tomlinson, University of Strathclyde
  • Book:
    The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    06 May 1993, pp 92-155

  • Summary

    The history of trade and manufacture in colonial India is dominated by counter-factual questions about the process of industrialisation. The structure and performance of firms and markets for trade and manufacture in colonial India after 1860 were heavily influenced by institutional developments that occurred in the first century of British rule. In the eighteenth century Indian merchant and service-gentry groups played a crucial role as intermediaries between the agricultural economy and the state. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century the colonial state in South Asia had largely created its own institutional mechanisms for sustaining itself through revenue collection, expenditure and transfer. By 1913 the cotton textile industry, centred in Bombay and Ahmedabad, was well established as the most important manufacturing industry in India. The colonial administration of South Asia was conditional on the smooth working of a domestic and international economy that could supply adequate tax revenues from production, and a foreign exchange surplus on private account.

  • 11 - Early food production in sub-Saharan Africa

  • Edited by J. Desmond Clark
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Africa
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    25 February 1982, pp 770-829

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on the cultural evidence of food production and animal domestication in sub-Saharan Africa. Archaeological evidence for the practice of food production in the context of the Nok culture is limited to two sculptures apparently representing fluted pumpkins. Food-producing societies practising the manufacture of pottery and ground stone implements were present in more northerly regions for at least two millennia before these traits became prevalent in West Africa itself. The chapter summarizes the spread of food-production techniques through the milieu of the Early Iron Age, together with an evaluation of the economy of the final Later Stone Age peoples during the time of their contact with the immigrant Iron Age farmers. The early Urewe ware makers were certainly workers of iron, but there is as yet only indirect evidence for pastoralism or agriculture in this group of the Early Iron Age.