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3 results

Hieroglyphs, Pseudo-Scripts and Alphabets

Hieroglyphs, Pseudo-Scripts and Alphabets
  • Their Use and Reception in Ancient Egypt and Neighbouring Regions
  • Ben Haring
  • Published online:
    22 November 2023
    Print publication:
    21 December 2023
  • The Egyptian hieroglyphic script was exceptionally versatile, as becomes clear when studying its multiple uses both within Ancient Egypt and beyond its borders. Even the few cases discussed in this Element demonstrate that in the ancient world hieroglyphs appealed to a wide readership, which ranged from highly accomplished scribes, artists and priests, to semi-literate workmen, as well as to speakers of non-Egyptian languages. Creative processes within these different groups resulted in very different adaptations of regular hieroglyphic writing: highly specialized enigmatic compositions, less informed ad hoc orthographies, isolated uses of hieroglyphs as marks and emblems, and the development of new writing systems. Important reasons for the wide appeal and deep impact of hieroglyphic writing are the iconicity and cultural messages of its individual signs on the one hand, and its remarkable semiotic strategies in rendering human language on the other.

  • 9 - Sounds

  • Peter Trudgill, Université de Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Book:
    European Language Matters
    Published online:
    29 October 2021
    Print publication:
    11 November 2021, pp 156-166

  • Summary

    This chapter focusses on the different vowel and consonant systems in European languages, and the representation of these speech sounds in writing.

  • 1 - Formal Preliminaries

  • from Part I - Formal Background
  • Stoyan Mihov, Klaus U. Schulz, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munchen
  • Book:
    Finite-State Techniques
    Published online:
    29 July 2019
    Print publication:
    01 August 2019, pp 3-22

  • Summary

    The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, we recall a collection of basic mathematical notions that are needed for the discussions of the following chapters. Second, we have a first, still purely mathematical, look at the central topics of the book: languages, relations and functions between strings, as well as important operations on languages, relations and functions. We also introduce monoids, a class of algebraic structures that gives an abstract view on strings, languages, and relations.