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Chapter 10.1 - Manipulation of amniotic fluid volume
from Section 2 - Fetal disease
- By Marie H. Beall, Michael G. Ross
Edited by Mark D. Kilby, Anthony Johnson, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, Dick Oepkes
Book:

Fetal Therapy

Published online:

05 February 2013

Print publication:

13 December 2012, pp 128-136
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Summary

Human pregnancies contain large amounts of water in several compartments, including the fetal body, the placenta and membranes, and the amniotic fluid (AF). This chapter reviews the current understanding of water flow into the gestation and into and out of the amniotic cavity. It reviews evidence suggesting that the fetus may regulate the AF volume. Decreases in fetal urine flow are associated with a decrease in AF volume. The mature fetus can reduce urine flow to achieve homeostasis; in the near-term ovine fetus increased plasma osmolality is associated with fetal vasopressin secretion, urinary concentration, and reduced urine flow. Water permeability in the placenta appears to be regulated at the level of the syncytiotrophoblast, and to vary with gestational age. A variety of influences can alter AF volume by affecting one of the factors associated with AF formation and resorption.