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3 results

  • Chapter 13 - Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Cognition

  • Edited by Marco Mula, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London
  • Book:
    Post-traumatic Epilepsy
    Published online:
    10 August 2021
    Print publication:
    26 August 2021, pp 169-178

  • Summary

    Patients with traumatic brain injury frequently develop epilepsy, cognitive dysfunction and behavioral imbalance. Understanding the interplay between antiseizure medications, mood and cognition is essential to any provider who cares for patients with TBI and seizures. Antiseizure medications can be classified into those that have low, moderate and high cognitive side effect profiles, and they can also be classified into medications that cause positive, intermediate and negative effects on mood. For example, Lamotrigine is a medication that both has low cognitive side effects and has positive effects on mood. But there is no drug without side effects, and each antiseizure medication has its own unique side effect profile. Choosing the antiseizure medication that will lead to the best outcomes for each individual patient requires evaluating the unique characteristics of each medication. Only with an understanding of the cognitive and behavioral effects of each medication is it possible to create a successful treatment regimen for each individual. This chapter will examine many antiseizure medications and their unique side effect profiles, with a focus on the cognitive and behavioral implications of each medication.

  • 16 - Bone health in women with epilepsy

  • from Part IV - Health challenges for women with epilepsy
    • By Robert Marcus, VA Palo Alto Health Care, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
  • Edited by Martha J. Morrell, Columbia University, New York, Kerry L. Flynn, Columbia-Presbyterian Cancer Center, New York
  • Book:
    Women with Epilepsy
    Published online:
    02 November 2009
    Print publication:
    20 March 2003, pp 164-170

  • Summary

    Some people with epilepsy have an increased risk for a condition of the skeleton called osteoporosis. This chapter clarifies the nature of this relationship, outlines its possible causes, and discusses current approaches to treatment. The problem of osteoporosis in people with epilepsy has long been assumed to be related to antiepileptic medications. However, it is important to point out that other aspects in the lifestyle of children and adults with epilepsy may themselves contribute to deficits in bone acquisition and maintenance. Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men because women have smaller body size and because they experience a sharp reduction in estrogen levels after menopause. For women over the age of 40 or those who are menopausal, bone density scans can be performed periodically to monitor bone health. This is especially recommended for women with a family history of osteoporosis.

  • 13 - Menopause and epilepsy

  • from Part III - Hormones and the brain
    • By Fariha Abbasi, Neurological Center, 900 Cox Road, Gastonia, NC 28054, USA, Allan Krumholz, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical System, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
  • Edited by Martha J. Morrell, Columbia University, New York, Kerry L. Flynn, Columbia-Presbyterian Cancer Center, New York
  • Book:
    Women with Epilepsy
    Published online:
    02 November 2009
    Print publication:
    20 March 2003, pp 131-142

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the issues women face regarding menopause and discusses what is known about the influence of menopause on epilepsy and seizures. Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone influence the brain at birth and help establish sexual differentiation between men and women. The low estrogen levels that are a part of menopause affect many different organ systems in the body. The chapter discusses some of the reported adverse effects of menopause: vascular autonomic changes, heart disease, bone disorders and osteoporosis, vaginal and urinary tract problems, sleep disturbances, and emotional problems. To assess the potential influences of menopause on women with epilepsy and seizures, one needs to consider several issues: the effect of menopause on the frequency and severity of seizures; the possibility that antiepileptic medications will complicate menopause; and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause is appropriate for women with epilepsy.