This chapter recapitulates the key theoretical claims and empirical findings in this book. It then situates these claims and findings within two strands of literature in Comparative Politics – on autocratic institutions and on regime transitions and democratic consolidation. The chapter then concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the findings in this book. Legislative strengthening programs are an important part of global democracy promotion initiatives. This book’s findings emphasize the need to invest in both organizational legislative strengthening as well as the political independence of individual legislatures.

This chapter situates the study of legislative development in postcolonial (autocratic) states in historical context. It begins by noting that very little research exists to explain the divergent outcomes in levels of legislative development, institutionalization, and strength in low-income emerging democracies – many of which are former colonies. Instead, much of our knowledge of the evolution and development of legislatures (and inter-branch relations in general) is informed by theories and empirical research on the high-income established democracies of Western Europe and North America. The core argument of this chapter is that postcolonial legislative development was different from the experience in Europe and North America. European legislatures emerged organically to reflect prevailing political economies and intra-elite balance of power between kings and barons (who had the power of the purse). Postcolonial legislative development was different. Having been created ex-nihilo, postcolonial legislatures were marked by significant levels of executive-legislative power imbalance. Importantly, chief executives’ control over resources made postcolonial legislatures not function as checks on executive power (they lacked the power of the purse), but as dependent extensions of the executive. These differences call for a new theory of legislative development (under both autocracy and democracy) in postcolonial contexts.