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1 results

  • Chapter 7 - Managing the Risks

  • Denise Sienli van der Kamp, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    Clean Air at What Cost?
    Published online:
    28 January 2023
    Print publication:
    19 January 2023, pp 131-159

  • Summary

    This chapter probes the short- and long-term costs of blunt force regulation. Case studies and local news reports show that workers do protest, businesses do resist, and local bureaucrats do publicly criticize the short-term nature of blunt force solutions. How does the state guard against the political risks of blunt force regulation? Using two cities as case studies – one wealthy and developed, and the other poor and industrial – this chapter shows how the state concentrates the costs of blunt force pollution reduction on the groups that are the least able to push back. It targets smaller, private firms or industries that rely on temporary, transient labor. These strategies are effective at preventing unrest, but exacerbate inefficiencies in the economy and may complicate efforts to reduce pollution in the future.