The challenges in treating cervical cancer are centred on improvements in survival and local control and minimising treatment-related morbidity. This chapter focuses on the evidence for current practice and highlights future research issues. For women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB2 disease and higher, chemoradiotherapy is the treatment of choice. Theoretical benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy include the eradication of micrometastases and reduction in tumour size before definitive treatment. Improving the outcome from radiotherapy might be achieved by improving delivery of treatment, increasing dose to tumour or the addition of radiosensitisers. Much current research in early-stage cervical cancer is focused on developing new drugs to either complement or replace cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy regimens. The challenge in the coming decade is not only to look for ways to improve local control and survival but also to improve quality of life by minimising morbidity of treatment.