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Cognitive engineering is the application of cognitive science to engineering. While the majority of the cognitive models and architectures commonly associated with cognitive engineering were created to understand human behavior, their use in engineering has been carried out with the purpose of realizing better systems. As such, cognitive engineering model fidelity varies, based on application goals. This chapter provides readers with a history of cognitive modeling in cognitive engineering and its diverse contributions by reviewing the seminal work of Card, Moran, and Newell, which laid the foundations for many developments. It then examines the use of cognitive models in complex systems engineering. The chapter concludes with a summary and a discussion of potential threats and future advances.
Cognitive engineering is the application of cognitive science theories to human factors practice. Attempts to apply computational and mathematical modeling techniques to human factor issues have a long and detailed history. This chapter reviews the seminal work of Card, Moran, and Newell from the modern perspective. It discusses the issues and applications of cognitive engineering, first for the broad category of complex systems and then for the classic area of human-computer interaction, with a focus on human interaction with quantitative information, that is, visual analytics. Not only is the control of integrated cognitive systems a challenging basic research question, the importance of understanding the control of integrated cognitive systems for cognitive engineering purposes suggests that research on control issues should become a high priority among basic researchers as well as those agencies that fund basic research.
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