Background: Many computerized tomography (CT) scans ordered after-hours from the emergency department (ED) at our institution required a discussion between the emergency physician (EP) and radiology resident (RR), leading to workflow inefficiency. Aim Statement: The aim was to improve workflow efficiency and provider satisfaction, and reduce CT turnaround time, without significantly affecting CT utilization within six months. Measures & Design: We created a new workflow by creating an electronic list of ED CT requests that RRs monitor. RRs protocolled all requests and only called the ED physician for more details when required. The intervention was implemented in a stepwise fashion via plan-do-study-act cycles. An electronic survey measured qualitative outcomes, and quantitative outcomes were analyzed via statistical process control (SPC) charts and other statistical methods. Evaluation/Results: Survey response was high (76% EP, 79% RR). Most EPs and RRs felt more efficient (96.3%, 73.3%), RRs felt fewer disruptions (83.3%), and most EPs felt that scans were done faster (84.1%). We analyzed CT turnaround times and utilization using SPC charts and segmented regression analyses. Turnaround time trended to improvement (33 mins vs 29 mins on weekdays [WD], 37 mins vs 33 on weekends [WE]), but was not statistically significant. There was background rising CT utilization over time (+0.7 and + 1.9 CT/100 ED visits/year on WD and WE, respectively, p < 0.0005), but the intervention itself did not cause a significant change. The total number of pages to RR (a measure of workflow disruption) decreased significantly on the WDs (23 vs 19 pages, p = 0.0011), but not on WE (79 vs 75 pages, p = 0.1663). However when adjusting for number of scans ordered, there was a decrease in paging rates (0.73 vs 0.54 pages per scan ordered on WD [p < 0.00005], 3.24 vs 2.63 pages per scan ordered on WE [p = 0.0012]). Discussion/Impact: Our intervention led to improved work satisfaction and perceived efficiency experienced by both EPs and RRs. It did not statistically significantly affect imaging turnaround times or utilization rates. Our project shows that calling for preapproval of imaging studies does not seem to provide any benefit in our setting.

Background: Ketorolac has long been used to manage pain in the Emergency Department and has the advantage of being the only parenteral NSAID formulation. Despite multiple studies demonstrating an analgesic ceiling dose of 10mg for intravenous ketorolac, higher doses (30-60mg) are commonly ordered. Use of optimal doses of ketorolac (10mg) has the advantage of lower side effects and cost. Aim Statement: The aim of this project was to increase the usage of the optimal dose parenteral ketorolac (10mg) without increasing the use of additional, concomitant or rescue opioids (balancing measures). Measures & Design: This pre-/post-intervention comparison study (May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2018) included all patients ≥18 years of age that received parenteral ketorolac at one of 4 EDs in the Calgary zone. All data was captured via administrative data records. Stakeholders (ED leadership, analgesia committee, nursing and pharmacy) provided feedback and support for the project. Our multi-modal intervention included modifying all ED computerized order sets such that the default parenteral ketorolac dose was 10mg (post-intervention) from 30mg (pre-intervention), education (dissemination of evidence to support the changes to clinicians) and our pharmacy securing 10mg vials of ketorolac. At their discretion, physicians’ were still able to order other doses of ketorolac. Evaluation/Results: During the 2 year study period, 19290 patient records were identified where parenteral ketorolac was administered during the ED visit. Baseline characteristics were similar between the pre/post periods. Prior to the change in default dosing, 10.5% of orders were for ketorolac 10mg compared to 87% in the post-intervention period (p < 0.000). Statistical process charts support the above results and demonstrate that the changes have been sustained. There were no differences in patients receiving ketorolac as the only analgesic between the pre/post periods (42% vs 42%, p = 0.396), nor where there significant changes in concomitant opioid usage (46% vs 46%, p = 0.817), or rescue analgesia (11% vs 12%, p = 0.097). Discussion/Impact: In this large cohort, our multi-modal intervention, resulted in a significant increase in optimal ketorolac parenteral dosing without a significant change in additional opioid use. The results support the utility of computerized order set changes as the cornerstone of an effective and rapid knowledge translation strategy to align physician practice with best evidence.

Introduction: Clinical context is critical for accurate radiologic interpretation of neuroimaging investigations. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a change in the Emergency Department (ED) computerized provider order entry (CPOE) interface on the quality of clinical information conveyed in ED neuroimaging requisitions for suspected stroke patients. Methods: Four local EDs utilizing a common CPOE ED Stroke order set were studied before and after the introduction of a mandatory blank free text field requiring clinical information for the radiologist before a computed tomography angiography (CTA) request could be submitted. Prior to this modification, the indication (acute stroke) was pre-filled in the CTA request for convenience with the option of providing additional information at the discretion of the ordering physician. ED physicians were informed of the change as well as the rationale for its implementation. A retrospective pre (90 days) post (30 days) analysis was conducted across four local EDs to evaluate the impact of the CPOE user interface change on the quality of clinical information provided on neuroimaging orders. Patients aged 18 with CTA head and/or neck orders submitted from the order set were included. Patients were excluded if the CTA order was submitted outside of the ED Stroke order set, if order entry was by non-physician personnel, or if the order was modified by the diagnostic imaging department after ED submission. Clinical information from CTA orders were scored as complete, partial, or absent/uninformative based on a standardized rubric of critical elements, including: description of neurological deficit(s), lateralization, and timing of symptom onset or duration. Results were analyzed using chi square analysis. Results: Pre-implementation data from Oct 1, 2015 Jan 1, 2016 (N=652) was compared to post-implementation data from Nov 1 30, 2016 (N=227). The proportion of complete, partial, and absent/uninformative clinical histories were: 45.3%, 31.4%, and 23.3% in the pre-implementation period and 62.6%, 37.4%, and 0% in the post-implementation period respectively. There was a 38.2% relative increase in complete clinical histories, a 19.1% relative increase in partial clinical histories, and a 100% reduction in absent/uninformative clinical histories (p<0.001). Conclusion: The introduction of a mandatory free text field significantly increased the overall quality of clinical information provided on ED neuroimaging orders. This CPOE strategy has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce unnecessary delays to imaging interpretation caused by lack of clinical information.

Introduction: Background Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) is rapidly becoming the mainstay in clinical care and has the potential to improve provider efficiency and accuracy. However, this hinges on careful planning and implementation. Poorly planned CPOE order sets can lead to undetected errors and waste. In our emergency department (ED), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was bundled into various blood work panels, but had little clinical value. Aim Statement This quality improvement initiative aimed to reduce unnecessary LDH testing in the ED. Methods: Methods A group of ED physicians reviewed CPOE blood work panels and uncoupled LDH in conditions where it was deemed not to provide any clinically useful information. We measured the daily number of LDH tests performed before and after its removal. We tracked the frequency of other serum tests as controls. We also analyzed the number of add-on LDH (i.e. to add LDH to samples already sent to the lab) as a balancing measure, since this can disrupt work flow and delay care. Results: Results Through this intervention, we reduced the number of LDH tests performed by 69%, from an average of 75.1 tests per day to 23.2 (p<0.0005). The baseline controls did not differ after the intervention (e.g. a complete blood count was performed 197.7 and 196.1 times per day pre- and post-intervention, respectively [p=0.7663]). There was less than 1 add-on LDH per day on average. This translates to a cost savings of $33,340.65 at our institution. Conclusion: Conclusions CPOE care templates can be powerful in shaping behaviours and reducing variability. However, close oversight of these panels is necessary to prevent errors and waste.