Chapter 1 provides an exposition of the general breadth and scope of the contemporary prohibition of the threat or use of force. After setting the prohibition in its historical context, it then examines the sources of the prohibition and its status as a ‘peremptory’ or ‘jus cogens’ norm of international law and what this means in terms of the prospects for its adaptation and modification in the future. While much focus has been traditionally placed upon the use of force, by comparison relatively little attention has been given to the threat of force, despite both coming under the contemporary rule against force. As such, the chapter sets out and provides an examination of the concept of a threat of force. While the prohibition is of undoubted importance, the decentralised nature of the international legal system means that accountability and responsibility for its violation are uncertain. The chapter seeks to examine this issue in detail, while also providing attention to the ‘human element’ to the prohibition, as well as assessing the continued relevance and effectiveness of the norm.

The chapter discusses the mechanisms international alw has at its disposal to stimulate compliance with its rules: sanctions, counter-measures, colelctive action

The chapter discusses the mechanisms international alw has at its disposal to stimulate compliance with its rules: sanctions, counter-measures, colelctive action