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4 results

  • The societal impact of individual placement and support implementation on employment outcomes for young adults receiving temporary health-related welfare benefits: a difference-in-differences study

  • Beate Brinchmann, Sina Wittlund, Thomas Lorentzen, Cathrine Moe, David McDaid, Eoin Killackey, Miles Rinaldi, Arnstein Mykletun
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 8 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 January 2024, pp. 1787-1795
    • Article
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  • Background

    Individual placement and support (IPS) is an evidence-based practice that helps individuals with mental illness gain and retain employment. IPS was implemented for young adults at a municipality level through a cross-sectoral collaboration between specialist mental healthcare, primary mental healthcare, and the government funded employment service (NAV). We investigated whether IPS implementation had a causal effect on employment outcomes for all young adults in receipt of a temporary health-related rehabilitation (work assessment allowance, WAA) welfare benefit, measured at the societal level compared to municipalities that did not implement IPS.

    Method

    We used a difference in differences design to estimate the effects of IPS implementation on the outcome of workdays per year using longitudinal registry data. We estimate the average effect of being exposed to IPS implementation during four-years of implementation compared to ten control municipalities without IPS for all WAA recipients.

    Results

    We found a significant, positive, causal effect on societal level employment outcomes of 5.6 (p = 0.001, 95% CI 2.7–8.4) increased workdays per year per individual, equivalent to 12.7 years of increased work in the municipality where IPS was implemented compared to municipalities without IPS. Three years after initial exposure to IPS implementation individuals worked, on average, 10.5 more days per year equating to 23.8 years of increased work.

    Conclusions

    Implementing IPS as a cross sectoral collaboration at a municipality level has a significant, positive, causal, societal impact on employment outcomes for all young adults in receipt of a temporary health-related rehabilitation welfare benefit.

  • 3 - What Does the Fourth Industrial Revolution Mean for Africa?

  • Landry Signé, Stanford University, California
  • Book:
    Africa's Fourth Industrial Revolution
    Published online:
    08 June 2023
    Print publication:
    22 June 2023, pp 24-48

  • Summary

    A growing number of researchers have focused on Africa’s capabilities in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Some scholars have analyzed the impacts of mobile internet and broadband on the continent, while others have researched initiatives such as smart cities and the implications of the 4IR on development and manufacturing. Others have touched on the opportunities present in African development and the types of innovation that are already present or can take place. After reviewing the literature, the chapter dives into five critical domains on which the 4IR will change African states, industries, and society. These five domains are economic growth and structural transformation; labor, skills, production; poverty and inequality; power and governance; and peace and security. The chapter concludes with the five key domain summaries and strategies that can be employed in Africa.

Redefining Development

Redefining Development
  • Resolving Complex Challenges in a Global Context
  • 2nd edition
  • Jessica Kritz
  • Published online:
    09 June 2023
    Print publication:
    06 July 2023
    • Element
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  • In 2015, Old Fadama, the largest informal community in Accra, was a government 'no-go zone.' Armed guards accompanied a participatory action research team and stakeholders as they began an empirical research project. Their goals: resolve wicked problems, advance collaboration theory, and provide direct services to vulnerable beneficiaries. In three years, they designed a collaboration intervention based on rigorous evidence, Ghana's culture and data from 300 core stakeholders. Sanitation policy change transformed the community, and government began to collaborate freely. By 2022, the intervention was replicated in Accra, Kumasi and eleven rural communities, providing health services to more than 10,000 kayayei (women head porters) and addressing complex challenges for 15,000 direct and hundreds of thousands of indirect beneficiaries. This collaboration intervention improved community participation, changed policy, and redefined development in theory and practice. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Redefining Development

Redefining Development
  • Resolving Complex Challenges in Developing Countries
  • Jessica Kritz
  • Published online:
    13 July 2020
    Print publication:
    20 August 2020
    • Element
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  • In 2015, the Old Fadama slum of Accra, Ghana was a government 'no-go zone' due to the generally lawless environment. Participatory action researchers (PAR) began working with three stakeholders to resolve complex challenges facing the community and city. In three years, they created a PAR cross-sector collaboration intervention incorporating data from 300 research participants working on sanitation. In 2018–2019, the stakeholders addressed the next priorities: community violence, solid waste, and a health clinic. The PAR intervention was replicated, supporting kayayei (women head porters) in Old Fadama, the Madina slum of Accra and four rural communities in northern Ghana. The process expanded, involving 2,400 stakeholders and an additional 2,048 beneficiaries. Cross-sector collaboration worked where other, more traditional development interventions did not. This PAR intervention provides developing-country governments with a solution for complex challenges: a low-cost, locally-designed tool that dramatically improved participation and resulted in projects that impact the public good. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.