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  • 18 - AGRICULTURE

  • from PART 3 - ECONOMIC LIFE
  • Edited by W. B. Fisher
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Iran
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    01 October 1968, pp 565-598

  • Summary

    In spite of being the sixth largest petroleum producer in the world Iran still derives between 23 and 30 per cent of her gross national income from agricultural farming. However, the resources used and usable for agriculture are severely limited. The areal extent of land available for agricultural production cannot be increased by any significant amount although the regional balance may well be altered. Indeed the present cultivated area is largely the product of an extensive approach to land use. Rice, grown on some 330,000 hectares, is the only staple food product of which there is an exportable surplus. Added to paucity of land resources and rural poverty there is also ignorance; some 85 per cent of the total population is illiterate. Climatic, ecological and hydrological conditions in the regions of seasonal water surplus impose stringent controls on the use of such water in the deficit zones.