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2 results

  • 10 - The Ontogeny Phylogeny Model

  • from Part II - Theoretical Models of Bilingual Phonetics and Phonology
  • Edited by Mark Amengual, University of California, Santa Cruz
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingual Phonetics and Phonology
    Published online:
    14 November 2024
    Print publication:
    21 November 2024, pp 217-240

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (OPM), which focuses on the formation and development of second language phonological systems. It proposes an interrelationship between L2 native-like productions, L1 transfer, and universal factors. The model argues that chronologically, and as style becomes increasingly formal, L2 native-like processes increase, L1 transfer processes decrease, and universal processes increase and then decrease. It further claims that the roles of universals and L1 transfer are mediated by markedness and similarity, both of which slow L2 acquisition. Specifically, in similar phenomena L1 transfer processes persist, while in marked phenomena universal processes persist. The OPM also argues that these same principles obtain for learners acquiring more than one L2, monolingual and bilingual acquisition, and L1 attrition. In addition to the chronological stages and variation of the individual learner, the model claims that these relationships hold true for language variation and change, including pidgins and creoles.

  • Exposure to contact and the geographical adoption of standard features: Two complementary approaches

  • J.M. Hernández-Campoy
  • Journal:
    Language in Society / Volume 32 / Issue 2 / April 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 February 2003, pp. 227-255
    Print publication:
    April 2003

  • The region of Murcia has historically been a transition area of southeastern Spain where many different cultures and civilizations have met, and the Spanish spoken in Murcia is a transitional variety sharing features with Valencian Catalan, Castilian, Aragonese, and Andalusian Spanish. Murcia is traditionally characterized as an eminently nonstandard-speaking region. The aim of this study is to analyze the possible relationship between the geolinguistic patterns of diffusion of standard Castilian Spanish over the Murcian territory and the increasing use of standard forms in this traditionally nonstandard area. For this purpose, the adoption of Castilian Spanish features by Murcian speakers is correlated with interaction and exposure to innovations. The real presence or absence of some degree of standardization as well as its intraregional variation indicates whether the detected geographical patterns of linguistic uniformity apply to Murcia.