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2 results

  • 1 - Mapping the Resilience Field: A Systemic Approach

  • from Part I - Concepts and Relationships
  • Edited by Janine Natalya Clark, University of Birmingham, Michael Ungar, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia
  • Book:
    Resilience, Adaptive Peacebuilding and Transitional Justice
    Published online:
    24 September 2021
    Print publication:
    07 October 2021, pp 23-45
    • Chapter
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      • Open access
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  • Summary

    The concept of resilience is best understood as a process whereby individual capital and social capital intersect in ways that create optimal outcomes in stressed environments. As a process, resilience can look very different in different contexts, with any single system (including systems that promote economic and environmental justice, human rights, and law enforcement ) showing patterns of persistence, resistance, recovery, adaptation or transformation depending on the resources that each system has available to support positive change. This chapter explores these processes and how they affect systems simultaneously at multiple levels. This understanding of resilience as a multi-systemic concept can help to explain how transitional justice processes and the broader systems with which they interact (both judicial and non-judicial) respond to stressors, thereby shaping how individuals, communities and institutions deal with adversity and shocks. Brief case examples are used to show how resilience changes depending on a population’s exposure to extreme forms of potentially traumatising events like war, forced migration, genocide and chronic economic disruption.

  • The complex Impact of Five Years of Stress Related to Life-Threatening Events on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Preliminary Retrospective Study

  • M. Keren, N. Keren, A. Eden, S. Tsangen, A. Weizman, G. Zalsman
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue 2 / February 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, pp. 317-321
  • Objective:

    To study the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors in the form of daily missile attacks, for five consecutive years, on pregnancy outcomes.

    Method:

    Charts of deliveries from two neighboring towns in the south of Israel, covering the years 2000 and 2003–2008, were reviewed retrospectively. One city had been exposed to missile attacks, while the other was not. For each year, 100 charts were chosen at random.

    Results:

    Significant association was found between exposure to stress and frequency of pregnancy complications (P = 0.047) and premature membrane rupture (P = 0.029). A more detailed analysis, based on dividing the stressful years into three distinct periods: early (2003–2004), intermediate (2005–2006) and late (2007–2008), revealed that preterm deliveries were significantly more frequent (P = 0.044) during the intermediate period, as was premature membrane rupture during the late period (P = 0.014).

    Conclusion:

    Exposure to chronic life-threatening stress resulted in more pregnancy complications and in particular more premature membrane ruptures. The impact was most significant during the middle period of the 5-year-exposure to the stressor. Hence it seems that factors of duration and habituation may play a role in the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors on pregnancy.