The chapter determines one set of obligations of the human right to internet access using the idea of rights as social guarantees against standard threats. These obligations regard duties of provision to protect against digital poverty. The chapter first provides the statistical background on the global digital divide. Digital poverty has several causes. People lack financial means to afford (1) digital devices and (2) data services. (3) Digital infrastructure is missing especially in the poorest and most remote regions. Hundreds of millions of people everywhere lack (4) basic digital skills. The chapter sets out a global standard concerning all four dimensions of connectivity that public authorities must guarantee. It thereby specifies the first meaning of ‘free’ internet access as ‘free for those unable to afford it’. It also distinguishes between the general content and minimal core obligations of the human right to free internet access. Minimal core obligations are those all states currently can and must fulfil. The general content specifies the full set of duties that states must progressively realise if they are currently unable to do so.

Many people are unable or unwilling to participate in face-to-face interventions for functional behavior change, and existing services often have poor fidelity to evidence-based approaches. Pervasive ownership of digital devices may offer ways to supplement and increase the reach and impact of face-to-face care. Digital approaches to support behavioral change range from informational resources, through self-guided programs or apps, to digitally-delivered or guided human interventions. Online information is well accepted, and digital interventions are increasing in acceptability and use. Digital interventions also have strong research support. For example, coached web programs for some mental health conditions have equivalent effects to face-to-face treatment. However, many digital tools have no quality or efficacy data, and more agile ways to obtain data are needed. Threats to acceptance and use of digital interventions include concerns about data security, and difficulties deciding which resources and interventions to choose. What is promising is that sound assessment tools and initiatives to provide advice are emerging. Digital tools and resources have the potential to increase the reach, impact, and cost-effectiveness of existing behavior change initiatives, although they have yet to fully impact the way services are funded and delivered. That picture is likely to change rapidly in the coming decade.